Functions
has a huge range of built in mathematical and other functions that can be used in a formula cell.

Supported Functions
This chapter holds a brief overview of all supported functions in the following groups:
Bit Operations 
Conversion 
Database 
Date & Time 
Engineering 
Financial 
Information 
Logical 
Lookup & Reference 
Math 
Statistical 
Text 
Trigonometric 

Bit Operations

BITAND
The BITAND() function performs a bit-wise AND operation for the two integer parameters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BITAND(value; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Second number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BITAND(12;10) returns 8 (because decimal 12 is binary 1100, and decimal 10 is binary 1010; and 1100 "anded" with 1010 is 1000, which is integer 8).
Related Functions 	
BITOR 
BITXOR 

BITLSHIFT
The BITLSHIFT() function performs a bit-wise left shift operation of the first parameter. The number of bits to shift by is specified by the second parameter. Note that a negative number of bits to left shift by becomes a right shift.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BITLSHIFT(value; shift size)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Amount to left shift by	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
BITLSHIFT 

BITOR
The BITOR() function performs a bit-wise OR operation for the two integer parameters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BITOR(value; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Second number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BITOR(12;10) returns 14 (because decimal 12 is binary 1100, and decimal 10 is binary 1010; and 1100 "ored" with 1010 is 1110, which is integer 14).
Related Functions 	
BITAND 
BITXOR 

BITRSHIFT
The BITRSHIFT() function performs a bit-wise right shift operation of the first parameter. The number of bits to shift by is specified by the second parameter. Note that a negative number of bits to right shift by becomes a left shift.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BITRSHIFT(value; shift size)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Amount to right shift by	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
BITLSHIFT 

BITXOR
The BITXOR() function performs a bit-wise exclusive-OR operation for the two integer parameters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BITXOR(value; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Second number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BITXOR(12;10) returns 6 (because decimal 12 is binary 1100, and decimal 10 is binary 1010; and 1100 "xored" with 1010 is 0110, which is integer 6).
Related Functions 	
BITAND 
BITOR 

Conversion

ARABIC
The ARABIC() function converts a roman numeral into a number.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	ARABIC(Numeral)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Numeral	Text
Examples 	ARABIC("IV") returns 4
Examples 	ARABIC("XCIX") returns 99
Related Functions 	
ROMAN 

ASCIITOCHAR
The ASCIITOCHAR() function returns the character for each given ASCII code
Return type
Text
Syntax 	ASCIITOCHAR(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The ASCII values to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ASCIITOCHAR(118) returns "v"
Examples 	ASCIITOCHAR(75; 68; 69) returns "KDE"

BOOL2INT
The BOOL2INT() function returns an integer value for a given boolean value. This method is intended for using a boolean value in methods which require an integer.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BOOL2INT(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Bool value to convert	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	BOOL2INT(True) returns 1
Examples 	BOOL2INT(False) returns 0
Related Functions 	
INT2BOOL 

BOOL2STRING
The BOOL2STRING() function returns a string value for a given boolean value. This method is intended for using a boolean in methods which require a string
Return type
Text
Syntax 	BOOL2STRING(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Bool value to convert	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	BOOL2STRING(true) returns "True"
Examples 	BOOL2STRING(false) returns "False"
Examples 	upper(BOOL2STRING(find("nan";"banana"))) returns TRUE

CARX
The CARX() function returns the X position corresponding to the position of a point in a polar landmark.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	CARX(Radius;Angle)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Radius	Double
Angle (radians)	Double
Examples 	CARX(12;1.5707) returns 0.00115592
Examples 	CARX(12;0) returns 12
Related Functions 	
CARY 
POLA 
POLR 

CARY
The CARY() function returns the Y position corresponding to the position of a point in a polar landmark.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	CARY(Radius;Angle)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Radius	Double
Angle (radians)	Double
Examples 	CARY(12;1.5707) returns 12
Examples 	CARY(12;0) returns 0
Related Functions 	
CARX 
POLA 
POLR 

CHARTOASCII
The CHARTOASCII() function returns the ASCII code for the given character.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	CHARTOASCII(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A one character string to convert	Text
Examples 	CHARTOASCII("v") returns 118
Examples 	CHARTOASCII(r) is an error. The character must be in quotes.

DECSEX
The DECSEX() function converts a double value to a time value.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	DECSEX(double)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value	Double
Examples 	DECSEX(1.6668) returns 1:40
Examples 	DECSEX(7.8) returns 7:47

INT2BOOL
The INT2BOOL() function returns a boolean value for a given integer number. This method is intended for using an integer in methods which require a boolean. It only accepts 0 or 1. If any other value is given, false is returned.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	INT2BOOL(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Integer value to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	INT2BOOL(1) returns true
Examples 	INT2BOOL(0) returns false
Examples 	OR(INT2BOOL(1); false) returns true
Related Functions 	
BOOL2INT 

NUM2STRING
The NUM2STRING() function returns a string value for a given number. Note that can auto-convert numbers to strings if needed, so this function should rarely be needed.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	NUM2STRING(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number to convert into string	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NUM2STRING(10) returns "10"
Examples 	NUM2STRING(2.05) returns "2.05"
Examples 	=find("101";NUM2STRING(A1)) (A1 = 2.010102) returns True
Related Functions 	
STRING 

POLA
The POLA() function returns the angle (in radians) corresponding to the position of a point in a cartesian landmark.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	POLA(X;Y)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value in X	Double
Value in Y	Double
Examples 	POLA(12;12) returns 0.78539816
Examples 	POLA(12;0) returns 0
Examples 	POLA(0;12) returns 1.5707
Related Functions 	
POLR 
CARX 
CARY 

POLR
The POLR() function returns the radius corresponding to the position of a point in a cartesian landmark.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	POLR(X;Y)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value in X	Double
Value in Y	Double
Examples 	POLR(12;12) returns 16.9705
Examples 	POLR(12;0) returns 12
Related Functions 	
POLA 
CARX 
CARY 

ROMAN
The ROMAN() function returns the number in Roman format. Only positive whole numbers can be converted. The optional Format argument specifies the level of conciseness, and defaults to 0.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	ROMAN(Number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Format	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ROMAN(99) returns "XCIX"
Examples 	ROMAN(-55) returns "Err"
Related Functions 	
ARABIC 

SEXDEC
The SEXDEC() function returns a decimal value. You can also supply a time value.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	SEXDEC(time value) or SEXDEC(hours;minutes;seconds)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Hours	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Minutes	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Seconds	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	SEXDEC(1;5;7) returns 1.0852778
Examples 	DECSEX("8:05") returns 8.08333333

STRING
The STRING() function returns a string value for a given number. It is the same as the NUM2STRING function.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number to convert into string	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Related Functions 	
NUM2STRING 

Database

DAVERAGE
Calculates the average in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions for values that are numbers
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DAVERAGE(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DAVERAGE(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)

DCOUNT
Counts the cells containing numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DCOUNT(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DCOUNT(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DCOUNTA 

DCOUNTA
Counts the cells containing numeric or alphanumeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DCOUNTA(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DCOUNTA(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DCOUNT 

DGET
Returns a single value from a column of a database specified by a set of conditions. This function returns an error if no value or more than one value exist.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DGET(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DGET(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)

DMAX
Returns the largest value in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DMAX(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DMAX(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DMIN 

DMIN
Returns the smallest values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DMIN(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DMIN(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DMAX 

DPRODUCT
Returns the product of all numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DPRODUCT(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DPRODUCT(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)

DSTDEV
Returns the estimate of the standard deviation of a population based on a sample using all numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DSTDEV(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DSTDEV(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DSTDEVP 

DSTDEVP
Returns the standard deviation of a population based on the entire population using all numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DSTDEVP(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DSTDEVP(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DSTDEV 

DSUM
Sums up the numbers in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DSUM(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DSUM(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)

DVAR
Returns the estimate of the variance of a population based on a sample using all numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DVAR(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DVAR(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DVARP 

DVARP
Returns the variance of a population based on the entire population using all numeric values in a column of a database specified by a set of conditions.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	DVARP(Database; "Header"; Conditions)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range marking the database	A range of strings
String marking the column in the database	Text
Range marking the conditions	A range of strings
Examples 	DVARP(A1:C5; "Salary"; A9:A11)
Related Functions 	
DVAR 

GETPIVOTDATA
Fetches summary data from a pivot table.
Return type
FLOAT
Syntax 	GETPIVOTDATA(Database; "Sales")
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range containing the pivot table	A range of strings
Name of the field of which you want the summary data	Text

Date & Time

CURRENTDATE
The CURRENTDATE() function returns the current date. It is equivalent to the TODAY function.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	CURRENTDATE()
Parameters 	
Examples 	CURRENTDATE() returns "Saturday 13 April 2002"
Related Functions 	
CURRENTTIME 
TODAY 

CURRENTDATETIME
The CURRENTDATETIME() function returns the current date and time.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	CURRENTDATETIME()
Parameters 	
Examples 	CURRENTDATETIME() returns "Saturday 13 April 2002 19:12:01"

CURRENTTIME
The CURRENTTIME() function returns the current time formatted with local parameters.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	CURRENTTIME()
Parameters 	
Examples 	CURRENTTIME() returns "19:12:01"

DATE
The DATE() function returns the date formatted with local parameters.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DATE(year;month;date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Month	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Day	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DATE(2000;5;5) returns Friday 05 May 2000

DATE2UNIX
DATE2UNIX() function converts a date and time value to unix time.
A unix time is the number of seconds after midnight January 1st, 1970.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DATE2UNIX(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	DATE2UNIX("01/01/2000") returns 946,684,800

DATEDIF
The DATEDIF() function returns the difference between two dates.
Interval must be one of the following: "m": month; "d": days; "y": complete years; "ym": month excluding years; "yd": days excluding years; "md": days excluding months and years
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DATEDIF(first date; second date; interval)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First date	Text
Second date	Text
interval	Text
Examples 	DATEDIF(A1;A2;"d") A1 is "1st of January 1995" and A2 is "15th of June 1999" returns number of days 1626
Examples 	DATEDIF(A1;A2;"m") A1 is "1st of January 1995" and A2 is "15th of June 1999" returns number of months 53

DATEVALUE
The DATEVALUE function returns a number representing the day, i.e the number of days elapsed since December 31, 1899.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DATEVALUE(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	DATEVALUE("2/22/2002") returns 37309
Related Functions 	
TIMEVALUE 

DAY
The DAY functions returns the day of a date. If no parameter is specified the current day gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAY(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	DAY("2/22/2002") returns 22
Examples 	DAY(2323.1285) returns 11
Related Functions 	
MONTH 
YEAR 

DAYNAME
The DAYNAME() function returns the name of the day of the week (1..7). In some countries the first day of the week is Monday, while in others the first day of the week is Sunday.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DAYNAME(weekday)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of day in week (1..7)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DAYNAME(1) returns Monday (if the week starts on Monday)
Related Functions 	
WEEKDAY 

DAYOFYEAR
The DAYOFYEAR() function returns the number of the day in the year (1...365).
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAYOFYEAR(year;month;date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Month	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Day	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DAYOFYEAR(2000;12;1) returns 336
Examples 	DAYOFYEAR(2000;2;29) returns 60

DAYS
The DAYS() function returns the difference between two dates in days.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAYS(date2; date1)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First (earlier) date value	Text
Second date value	Text
Examples 	DAYS("2002-02-22"; "2002-02-26") returns 4

DAYS360
The DAYS360() function returns the number of days from date1 to date2 using a 360-day calendar in which all months are assumed to have 30 days. If method is false (default) the US method will be used, the European otherwise.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAYS360(date1; date2; method)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date1	Text
Date2	Text
Method	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	DAYS360("2/22/2002"; "4/21/2002"; FALSE) returns 59
Related Functions 	
DAYS 
MONTHS 
WEEKS 
YEARS 

DAYSINMONTH
The function DAYSINMONTH() returns the number of days in the given year and month.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAYSINMONTH(year;month)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Month	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DAYSINMONTH(2000;2) returns 29

DAYSINYEAR
The function DAYSINYEAR() returns the number of days in the given year.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	DAYSINYEAR(year)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DAYSINYEAR(2000) returns 366

EASTERSUNDAY
The EASTERSUNDAY() function returns the date which corresponds to Easter Sunday in the year given as the parameter.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	EASTERSUNDAY(year)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	EASTERSUNDAY(2003) returns "20th April 2003"

EDATE
The EDATE functions returns the date that is specified by a given date and a number of months before or after that date.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	EDATE(date; months)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Months	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	EDATE("2/22/2002"; 3) returns "5/22/2002"
Examples 	EDATE("3/31/2002"; -1) returns "2/28/2002"
Related Functions 	
DATE 
EOMONTH 

EOMONTH
The EOMONTH functions returns the last day in the month specified by a date and the number of months from that date.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	EOMONTH(date; months)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Months	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	EOMONTH("2/22/2002"; 3) returns "5/31/2002"
Examples 	EOMONTH("3/12/2002"; -1) returns "2/28/2002"
Examples 	EOMONTH("3/12/2002"; 0) returns "3/31/2002"
Related Functions 	
EDATE 
MONTH 

HOUR
The HOUR functions returns the hour of a time. If no parameter is specified the current hour gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	HOUR(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	HOUR("22:10:12") returns 22
Examples 	HOUR(0.1285) returns 3
Related Functions 	
MINUTE 
SECOND 

HOURS
The HOURS() function returns the value of the hours in a time expression.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	HOURS(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	HOURS("10:5:2") returns 10

ISLEAPYEAR
The function ISLEAPYEAR() returns True if the given year is leap.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISLEAPYEAR(year)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ISLEAPYEAR(2000) returns True

ISOWEEKNUM
The ISOWEEKNUM() function returns number of the week which the date falls into. Note that this function is compliant with the ISO8601 standard: a week always begins on a Monday, and ends on a Sunday. The first week of a year is that week which contains the first Thursday of the year.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	ISOWEEKNUM(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	ISOWEEKNUM(A1) returns 51 when A1 is "21st of Dec".
Related Functions 	
WEEKNUM 

MINUTE
The MINUTE functions returns the minutes of a time. If no parameter is specified the current minute is returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MINUTE(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	MINUTE("22:10:12") returns 10
Examples 	MINUTE(0.1234) returns 57
Related Functions 	
HOUR 
SECOND 

MINUTES
The MINUTES() function returns the value of the minutes in a time expression.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MINUTES(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	MINUTES("10:5:2") returns 5

MONTH
The MONTH functions returns the month of a date. If no parameter is specified the current month gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MONTH(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	MONTH("2/22/2002") returns 2
Examples 	MONTH(2323.1285) returns 5
Related Functions 	
DAY 
YEAR 

MONTHNAME
The MONTHNAME() function returns the name of the month (1...12).
Return type
Text
Syntax 	MONTHNAME(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of month (1..12)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MONTHNAME(5) returns May

MONTHS
The MONTHS() function returns the difference between two dates in months.The third parameter indicates the calculation mode: if the mode is 0, MONTHS() returns the maximal possible number of months between those days. If the mode is 1, it only returns the number of complete months in between.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MONTHS(date2; date1; mode)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First (earlier) date value	Text
Second date value	Text
Calculation mode	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MONTHS("2002-01-18"; "2002-02-26"; 0) returns 1, because there is 1 month and 8 days in between
Examples 	MONTHS("2002-01-19"; "2002-02-26"; 1) returns 0, because there is not a whole month in between, starting at the first day of the month

NETWORKDAY
The NETWORKDAY() function returns the number of working days between startdate and enddate.
Holidays must be one of the following: number = days to add, a single date or an array of dates.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	NETWORKDAY(start date; end date; holidays)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Start date	Text
End date	Text
Holidays	Text
Examples 	NETWORKDAY("01/01/2001";"01/08/2001") returns 5 workdays
Examples 	NETWORKDAY("01/01/2001";"01/08/2001";2) returns 3 workdays

NOW
The NOW() function returns the current date and time. It is identical with CURRENTDATETIME and provided for compatibility with other applications.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	NOW()
Parameters 	
Examples 	NOW() returns "Saturday 13 April 2002 19:12:01"
Related Functions 	
CURRENTTIME 
TODAY 

SECOND
The SECOND functions returns the seconds of a time. If no parameter is specified the current second is returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SECOND(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	SECOND("22:10:12") returns 12
Examples 	SECOND(0.1234) returns 42
Related Functions 	
HOUR 
MINUTE 

SECONDS
The SECONDS() function returns the value of the seconds in a time expression.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SECONDS(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	SECONDS("10:5:2") returns 2

TIME
The TIME() function returns the time formatted with local parameters.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	TIME(hours;minutes;seconds)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Hours	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Minutes	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Seconds	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	TIME(10;2;2) returns 10:02:02
Examples 	TIME(10;70;0) returns 11:10:0
Examples 	TIME(10;-40;0) returns 9:20:0

TIMEVALUE
The TIMEVALUE() function returns a number (between 0 and 1) representing the time of day.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TIMEVALUE(time)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Time	Text
Examples 	TIMEVALUE("10:05:02") returns 0.42
Related Functions 	
DATEVALUE 

TODAY
The TODAY() function returns the current date.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	TODAY()
Parameters 	
Examples 	TODAY() returns "Saturday 13 April 2002"
Related Functions 	
CURRENTTIME 
NOW 

UNIX2DATE
UNIX2DATE() function converts unix time to a date and time value.
A unix time is the number of seconds after midnight January 1st, 1970.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	UNIX2DATE(unixtime)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Unixtime	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	UNIX2DATE(0) returns 1970-01-01

WEEKDAY
The WEEKDAY() function returns the weekday of given date. If the method is 1 (default) WEEKDAY() returns 1 for sunday, 2 for monday,.. If the method is 2, monday is 1, tuesday 2, ... and if the method is 3 WEEKDAY() returns 0 for monday, 1 for tuesday,...
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	WEEKDAY(date; method)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Method (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	WEEKDAY("2002-02-22"; 2) returns 5
Related Functions 	
DAYNAME 

WEEKNUM
The WEEKNUM() function returns the non-ISO week number in which the date falls into.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	WEEKNUM(date; method)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Method (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	WEEKNUM(A1; 1) returns 11 when A1 is "9th of March 2008". Number of the week in the year, with a week beginning on Sunday (1, this is the default if Method is omitted.)
Examples 	WEEKNUM(A1; 2) returns 10 when A1 is "9th of March 2008". Number of the week in the year, with a week beginning on Monday (2)
Related Functions 	
ISOWEEKNUM 

WEEKS
The WEEKS() function returns the difference between two dates in weeks.The third parameter indicates the calculation mode: if the mode is 0, WEEKS() returns the maximal possible number of weeks between those days. If the mode is 1, it only returns the number of whole weeks in between.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	WEEKS(date2; date1; mode)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First (earlier) date value	Text
Second date value	Text
Calculation mode	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	WEEKS("2002-02-18"; "2002-02-26"; 0) returns 1, because there is one week and 1 day in between
Examples 	WEEKS("2002-19-02"; "2002-19-02"; 1) returns 0, because there is not a whole week in between, starting at the first day of the week (monday or sunday, depending on your local settings)

WEEKSINYEAR
The function WEEKSINYEAR() returns the number of weeks in the given year.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	WEEKSINYEAR(year)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Year	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	WEEKSINYEAR(2000) returns 52

WORKDAY
The WORKDAY() function returns the date which is working days from the start date.
Holidays must be one of the following: number = days to add, a single date or an array of dates.
Return type
Date
Syntax 	WORKDAY(start date; days; holidays)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Start date	Text
Working days	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Holidays	Text
Examples 	if B9 is "01/01/2001", D3 is "01/03/2001", D4 is "01/04/2001" then WORKDAY(B9;2;D3:D4) returns "Fri Jan 5 2001"

YEAR
The YEAR functions returns the year of a date. If no parameter is specified the current year gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	YEAR(date)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Date	Text
Examples 	YEAR("2/22/2002") returns 2002
Examples 	YEAR(2323.1285) returns 1906
Related Functions 	
DAY 
MONTH 

YEARFRAC
The YEARFRAC() function returns the number of full days between start date and end date according to the basis.
Basis must be one of the following: 0 = 30/360 US, 1 = Actual/actual, 2 = Actual/360, 3 = Actual/365, 4 = European 30/360
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	YEARFRAC(start date; end date; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First date	Text
Second date	Text
interval	Text

YEARS
The YEARS() function returns the difference between two dates in years. The third parameter indicates the calculation mode: if the mode is 0, YEARS() returns the maximal possible number of years between those days. If the mode is 1, it only returns whole years, starting at the 1st Jan and ending on the 31st Dec.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	YEARS(date2; date1; mode)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First (earlier) date value	Text
Second date value	Text
Calculation mode	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	YEARS("2001-02-19"; "2002-02-26"; 0) returns 1, because there is one year and 7 days in between
Examples 	YEARS("2002-02-19"; "2002-02-26"; 1) returns 0, because there is not a whole year in between, starting at the first day of the year

Engineering

BASE
The BASE() function converts a number from base-10 to a string value in a target base from 2 to 36.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	BASE(number;base;prec)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Base	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
MinLength	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BASE(128;8) returns "200"

BESSELI
The BESSELI() function returns the modified Bessel function In(x).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BESSELI(X;N)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Where the function is evaluated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Order of the function	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BESSELI(0.7;3) returns 0.007367374
Related Functions 	
BESSELJ 
BESSELK 
BESSELY 

BESSELJ
The BESSELJ() function returns the Bessel function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BESSELJ(X;N)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Where the function is evaluated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Order of the function	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BESSELJ(0.89;3) returns 0.013974004
Related Functions 	
BESSELI 
BESSELK 
BESSELY 

BESSELK
The BESSELK() function returns the modified Bessel function, which is equivalent to the Bessel function evaluated for purely imaginary arguments.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BESSELK(X;N)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Where the function is evaluated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Order of the function	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BESSELK(3;9) returns 397.95880
Related Functions 	
BESSELI 
BESSELJ 
BESSELY 

BESSELY
The BESSELY() function returns the Bessel function, which is also called the Weber function or the Neumann function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BESSELY(X;N)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Where the function is evaluated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Order of the function	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BESSELY(4;2) equals 0.215903595
Related Functions 	
BESSELI 
BESSELJ 
BESSELK 

BIN2DEC
The BIN2DEC() function returns the value formatted as a decimal number.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	BIN2DEC(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BIN2DEC("1010") returns 10
Examples 	BIN2DEC("11111") returns 31

BIN2HEX
The BIN2HEX() function returns the value formatted as a hexadecimal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	BIN2HEX(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BIN2HEX("1010") returns "a"
Examples 	BIN2HEX("11111") returns "1f"

BIN2OCT
The BIN2OCT() function returns the value formatted as an octal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	BIN2OCT(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BIN2OCT("1010") returns "12"
Examples 	BIN2OCT("11111") returns "37"

COMPLEX
The COMPLEX(real;imag) returns a complex number of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	COMPLEX(real;imag)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Real coefficient	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Imaginary coefficient	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	COMPLEX(1.2;3.4) returns "1.2+3.4i"
Examples 	COMPLEX(0;-1) returns "-i"

CONVERT
The CONVERT() function returns a conversion from one measurement system to another.
Supported mass units: g (gram), sg (pieces), lbm (pound), u (atomic mass), ozm (ounce), stone, ton, grain, pweight (pennyweight), hweight (hundredweight).
Supported distance units: m (meter), in (inch), ft (feet), mi (mile), Nmi (nautical mile), ang (Angstrom), parsec, lightyear.
Supported pressure units: Pa (Pascal), atm (atmosphere), mmHg (mm of Mercury), psi, Torr.
Supported force units: N (Newton), dyn, pound.
Supported energy units: J (Joule), e (erg), c (Thermodynamic calorie), cal (IT calorie), eV (electronvolt), HPh (Horsepower-hour), Wh (Watt-hour), flb (foot-pound), BTU.
Supported power units: W (Watt), HP (horsepower), PS (Pferdestaerke).
Supported magnetism units: T (Tesla), ga (Gauss).
Supported temperature units: C (Celsius), F (Fahrenheit), K (Kelvin).
Supported volume units: l (liter), tsp (teaspoon), tbs (tablespoon), oz (ounce liquid), cup, pt (pint), qt (quart), gal (gallon), barrel, m3 (cubic meter), mi3 (cubic mile), Nmi3 (cubic Nautical mile), in3 (cubic inch), ft3 (cubic foot), yd3 (cubic yard), GRT or regton (gross register ton).
Supported area units: m2 (square meter), mi2 (square mile), Nmi2 (square Nautical mile), in2 (square inch), ft2 (square foot), yd2 (square yard), acre, ha (hectare).
Supported speed units: m/s (meters per second), m/h (meters per hour), mph (miles per hour), kn (knot).
For metric units any of the following prefixes can be used: E (exa, 1E+18), P (peta, 1E+15), T (tera, 1E+12), G (giga, 1E+09), M (mega, 1E+06), k (kilo, 1E+03), h (hecto, 1E+02), e (dekao, 1E+01), d (deci, 1E-01), c (centi, 1E-02), m (milli, 1E-03), u (micro, 1E-06), n (nano, 1E-09), p (pico, 1E-12), f (femto, 1E-15), a (atto, 1E-18).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CONVERT(Number; From Unit; To Unit)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
From unit	Text
To unit	Text
Examples 	CONVERT(32;"C";"F") equals 89.6
Examples 	CONVERT(3;"lbm";"kg") equals 1.3608
Examples 	CONVERT(7.9;"cal";"J") equals 33.0757

DEC2BIN
The DEC2BIN() function returns the value formatted as a binary number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DEC2BIN(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DEC2BIN(12) returns "1100"
Examples 	DEC2BIN(55) returns "110111"

DEC2HEX
The DEC2HEX() function returns the value formatted as a hexadecimal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DEC2HEX(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DEC2HEX(12) returns "c"
Examples 	DEC2HEX(55) returns "37"

DEC2OCT
The DEC2OCT() function returns the value formatted as an octal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DEC2OCT(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DEC2OCT(12) returns "14"
Examples 	DEC2OCT(55) returns "67"

DELTA
The DELTA() function returns 1 if x equals y, otherwise returns 0. y defaults to 0.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DELTA(x; y)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	DELTA(1.2; 3.4) returns 0
Examples 	DELTA(3; 3) returns 1
Examples 	DELTA(1; TRUE) returns 1

ERF
The ERF() function returns the error function. With a single argument, ERF() returns the error function between 0 and that argument.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ERF(Lower limit; Upper limit)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Lower limit	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Upper limit	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ERF(0.4) equals 0.42839236
Related Functions 	
ERFC 

ERFC
The ERFC() function returns the complementary error function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ERFC(Lower limit; Upper limit)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Lower limit	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Upper limit	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ERFC(0.4) equals 0.57160764
Related Functions 	
ERF 

GESTEP
The GESTEP() function returns 1 if x greater or equals y, otherwise returns 0. y defaults to 0.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GESTEP(x; y)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	GESTEP(1.2; 3.4) returns 0
Examples 	GESTEP(3; 3) returns 1
Examples 	GESTEP(0.4; TRUE) returns 0
Examples 	GESTEP(4; 3) returns 1

HEX2BIN
The HEX2BIN() function returns the value formatted as a binary number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	HEX2BIN(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
Examples 	HEX2BIN("a") returns "1010"
Examples 	HEX2BIN("37") returns "110111"

HEX2DEC
The HEX2DEC() function returns the value formatted as a decimal number.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	HEX2DEC(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
Examples 	HEX2DEC("a") returns 10
Examples 	HEX2DEC("37") returns 55

HEX2OCT
The HEX2OCT() function returns the value formatted as an octal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	HEX2OCT(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
Examples 	HEX2OCT("a") returns "12"
Examples 	HEX2OCT("37") returns "67"

IMABS
The IMABS(complex number) returns the norm of a complex number of form x+yi.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	IMABS(complex number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMABS("1.2+5i") returns 5.1419
Examples 	IMABS("-i") returns 1
Examples 	IMABS("12") returns 12

IMAGINARY
The IMAGINARY(string) returns the imaginary coefficient of a complex.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	IMAGINARY(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMAGINARY("1.2+3.4i") returns 3.4
Examples 	IMAGINARY("1.2") returns 0

IMARGUMENT
The IMARGUMENT(complex number) returns the argument of a complex number of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMARGUMENT(complex number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMARGUMENT("1.2+5i") returns 0.6072
Examples 	IMARGUMENT("-i") returns -1.57079633
Examples 	IMARGUMENT("12") returns "#Div/0"

IMCONJUGATE
The IMCONJUGATE(complex number) returns the conjugate of a complex number of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCONJUGATE(complex number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCONJUGATE("1.2+5i") returns "1.2-5i"
Examples 	IMCONJUGATE("-i") returns "i"
Examples 	IMCONJUGATE("12") returns "12"

IMCOS
The IMCOS(string) returns the cosine of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCOS(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCOS("1+i") returns "0.83373-0.988898i"
Examples 	IMCOS("12i") returns 81 377.4

IMCOSH
The IMCOSH(string) returns the hyperbolic cosine of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCOSH(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCOSH("1+i") returns "0.83373+0.988898i"
Examples 	IMCOSH("12i") returns 0.84358

IMCOT
The IMCOT(string) returns the cotangent of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCOT(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCOT("1+i") returns "0.21762-0.86801i"

IMCSC
The IMCSC(string) returns the cosecant of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCSC(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCSC("1+i") returns "0.62151-0.30393i"

IMCSCH
The IMCSCH(string) returns the hyperbolic cosecant of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMCSCH(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMCSCH("1+i") returns "0.30393-i0.62151"

IMDIV
The IMDIV() returns the division of several complex numbers of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMDIV(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Examples 	IMDIV(1.2;"3.4+5i") returns "0.111597-0.164114i"
Examples 	IMDIV("12+i";"12-i") returns "0.986207+0.16551i"

IMEXP
The IMEXP(string) returns the exponential of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMEXP(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMEXP("2-i") returns "3.99232-6.21768i"
Examples 	IMEXP("12i") returns "0.843854-0.536573i"

IMLN
The IMLN(string) returns the natural logarithm of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMLN(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMLN("3-i") returns "1.15129-0.321751i"
Examples 	IMLN("12") returns 2.48491

IMLOG10
The IMLOG10(string) returns the base-10 logarithm of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMLOG10(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMLOG10("3+4i") returns "0.69897+0.402719i"

IMLOG2
The IMLOG2(string) returns the base-2 logarithm of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMLOG2(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMLOG2("3+4i") returns "2.321928+1.337804i"

IMPOWER
The IMPOWER(string) returns a complex number raised to a power.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMPOWER(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Power	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	IMPOWER("4-i";2) returns "15-8i"
Examples 	IMPOWER("1.2";2) returns 1.44

IMPRODUCT
The IMPRODUCT() returns the product of several complex numbers of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMPRODUCT(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Examples 	IMPRODUCT(1.2;"3.4+5i") returns "4.08+6i"
Examples 	IMPRODUCT(1.2;"1i") returns "+1.2i"

IMREAL
The IMREAL(string) returns the real coefficient of a complex.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	IMREAL(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMREAL("1.2+3.4i") returns 1.2
Examples 	IMREAL("1.2i") returns 0

IMSEC
The IMSEC(string) returns the secant of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSEC(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMSEC("1+i") returns "0.49833+i0.59108"

IMSECH
The IMSECH(string) returns the hyperbolic secant of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSECH(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMSECH("1+i") returns "0.49833-i0.59108"

IMSIN
The IMSIN(string) function returns the sine of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSIN(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMSIN("1+i") returns "1.29846+0.634964i"
Examples 	IMSIN("1.2") returns -0.536573

IMSINH
The IMSINH(string) function returns the hyperbolic sine of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSINH(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMSINH("1+i") returns "0.63496+1.29846i"
Examples 	IMSINH("1.2") returns 1.50946

IMSQRT
The IMSQRT(string) returns the square root of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSQRT(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMSQRT("1+i") returns "1.09868+0.45509i"
Examples 	IMSQRT("1.2i") returns "0.774597+0.774597i"

IMSUB
The IMSUB() returns the difference of several complex numbers of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSUB(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Examples 	IMSUB(1.2;"3.4+5i") returns "-2.2-5i"
Examples 	IMSUB(1.2;"1i") returns "1.2-i"

IMSUM
The IMSUM() returns the sum of several complex numbers of form x+yi.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMSUM(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Complex number	A range of strings
Examples 	IMSUM(1.2;"3.4+5i") returns "4.6+5i"
Examples 	IMSUM(1.2;"1i") returns "1.2+i"

IMTAN
The IMTAN(string) function returns the tangent of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMTAN(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMTAN("1+i") returns "0.27175+1.08392i"
Examples 	IMTAN("1.2") returns 2.57215

IMTANH
The IMTANH(string) function returns the hyperbolic tangent of a complex number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	IMTANH(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Complex number	Text
Examples 	IMTANH("1+i") returns "1.08392+0.27175i"
Examples 	IMTANH("1.2") returns 0.83365

OCT2BIN
The OCT2BIN() function returns the value formatted as a binary number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	OCT2BIN(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	OCT2BIN("12") returns "1010"
Examples 	OCT2BIN("55") returns "101101"

OCT2DEC
The OCT2DEC() function returns the value formatted as a decimal number.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	OCT2DEC(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
Examples 	OCT2DEC("12") returns 10
Examples 	OCT2DEC("55") returns 45

OCT2HEX
The OCT2HEX() function returns the value formatted as a hexadecimal number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	OCT2HEX(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The value to convert	Text
The minimum length of the output	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	OCT2HEX("12") returns "A"
Examples 	OCT2HEX("55") returns "2D"

Financial

ACCRINT
The ACCRINT function returns accrued interest for a security which pays periodic interest. Allowed frequencies are 1 - annual, 2 - semi-annual or 4 - quarterly. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ACCRINT(issue; first interest; settlement; rate; par; frequency; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Issue date	Date
First interest	Date
Settlement	Date
Annual rate of security	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Par value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Number of payments per year	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Day counting basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ACCRINT("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; "5/1/2001"; 0.1; 1000; 2; 0) returns 16,944
Related Functions 	
ACCRINTM 

ACCRINTM
The ACCRINTM function returns accrued interest for a security which pays interests at maturity date. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ACCRINTM(issue; settlement; rate; par; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Issue date	Date
Settlement	Date
Annual rate of security	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Par value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Day counting basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ACCRINTM("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 0.1; 100) returns 5.0278
Related Functions 	
ACCRINT 

AMORDEGRC
The AMORDEGRC function calculates the amortization value for the French accounting system using degressive depreciation.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	AMORDEGRC( Cost; purchaseDate; firstPeriodEndDate; salvage; period; rate; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cost	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Pv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Fv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	AMORDEGRC( 1000; "2006-02-01"; "2006-12-31"; 10; 0; 0.1; 1 ) returns 228
Related Functions 	
AMORLINC 
DB 
DDB 
YEARFRAC 

AMORLINC
The AMORLINC function calculates the amortization value for the French accounting system using linear depreciation.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	AMORLINC( Cost; purchaseDate; firstPeriodEndDate; salvage; period; rate; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
P	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Pv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Fv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	AMORLINC( 1000; "2004-02-01"; "2004-12-31"; 10; 0; 0.1; 1 ) returns 91.256831
Related Functions 	
AMORDEGRC 
DB 
DDB 
YEARFRAC 

COMPOUND
The COMPOUND() function returns the value of an investment, given the principal, nominal interest rate, compounding frequency and time. For example: $5000 at 12% interest compounded quarterly for 5 years will become COMPOUND(5000;0.12;4;5) or $9030.56.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COMPOUND(initial;interest;periods;periods_per_year)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Principal	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods per year	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Years	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	COMPOUND(5000;0.12;4;5) equals 9030.56

CONTINUOUS
The CONTINUOUS() function calculates the return on continuously compounded interest, given the principal, nominal rate and time in years. For example: $1000 earning 10% for 1 year becomes CONTINUOUS(1000;.1;1) or $1105.17.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CONTINOUS(principal;interest;years)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Principal	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Years	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CONTINUOUS(1000;0.1;1) equals 1105.17

COUPNUM
The COUPNUM function returns the number of coupons to be paid between the settlement and the maturity. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COUPNUM(settlement; maturity; frequency; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Frequency	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Day counting basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	COUPNUM("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 2; 0) returns 1

CUMIPMT
Calculates the cumulative interest payment.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CUMIPMT(rate, periods, value, start, end, type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
start	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
end	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
type	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	CUMIPMT( 0.06/12; 5*12; 100000; 5; 12; 0 ) equals -3562,187023
Related Functions 	
IPMT 
CUMPRINC 

CUMPRINC
Calculates the cumulative principal payment.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CUMPRINC(rate, periods, value, start, end, type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
start	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
end	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
type	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	CUMPRINC( 0.06/12; 5*12; 100000; 5; 12; 0 ) equals -11904.054201
Related Functions 	
PPMT 
CUMIPMT 

DB
The DB() function will calculate the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the fixed-declining balance method. Month is optional, if omitted it is assumed to be 12.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DB(cost; salvage value; life; period [;month])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cost	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Salvage	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Life	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Month	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	DB(8000;400;6;3) equals 1158.40
Examples 	DB(8000;400;6;3;2) equals 1783.41
Related Functions 	
DDB 
SLN 

DDB
The DDB() function calculates the depreciation of an asset for a given period using the arithmetic-declining method. The factor is optional, if omitted it is assumed to be 2. All the parameter must be greater than zero.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DDB(cost; salvage value; life; period [;factor])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cost	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Salvage	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Life	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Factor	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	DDB(75000;1;60;12;2) returns 1721.81
Related Functions 	
SLN 

DISC
The DISC function returns the discount rate for a security. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DISC(settlement; maturity; par; redemption [; basis ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Price per $100 face value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Day counting basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DISC("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 12; 14) returns 0.2841
Related Functions 	
YEARFRAC 

DOLLARDE
The DOLLARDE() function returns a dollar price expressed as a decimal number. The fractional dollar is the number to be converted and the fraction is the denominator of the fraction
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DOLLARDE(fractional dollar; fraction)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Fractional Dollar	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Fraction	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DOLLARDE(1.02; 16) - stands for 1 and 2/16 - returns 1.125
Related Functions 	
DOLLARFR 
TRUNC 

DOLLARFR
The DOLLARFR() function returns a dollar price expressed as a fraction. The decimal dollar is the number to be converted and the fraction is the denominator of the fraction
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DOLLARFR(fractional dollar; fraction)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Decimal Dollar	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Fraction	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DOLLARFR(1.125; 16) returns 1.02. (1 + 2/16)
Related Functions 	
DOLLARDE 
TRUNC 

DURATION
Returns the number of periods needed for an investment to retain a desired value.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DURATION(rate; pv; fv)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present value (PV)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value (FV)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	DURATION(0.1; 1000; 2000) returns 7.27
Related Functions 	
FV 
PV 

DURATION_ADD
Returns the Macauley duration of a fixed interest security in years.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DURATION_ADD(Settlement; Maturity; Coupon; Yield; Frequency; Basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Coupon	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Yield	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Frequency	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DURATION_ADD( "1998-01-01"; "2006-01-01"; 0.08; 0.09; 2; 1 ) returns 5.9937749555
Related Functions 	
MDURATION 

EFFECT
The EFFECT() function calculates the effective yield for a nominal interest rate (annual rate or APR). For example: 8% interest compounded monthly provides an effective yield of EFFECT(.08;12) or 8.3%.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EFFECT(nominal;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Nominal interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	EFFECT(0.08;12) equals 0.083
Related Functions 	
EFFECTIVE 
NOMINAL 

EFFECTIVE
The EFFECTIVE() function calculates the effective yield for a nominal interest rate (annual rate or APR). It is the same as the EFFECT function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EFFECTIVE(nominal;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Nominal interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Related Functions 	
EFFECT 

EURO
The EURO() function converts one Euro to a given national currency in the European monetary union. Currency is one of the following: ATS (Austria), BEF (Belgium), DEM (Germany), ESP (Spain), EUR (Euro), FIM (Finland), FRF (France), GRD (Greece), IEP (Ireland), ITL (Italy), LUF (Luxembourg), NLG (Netherlands), or PTE (Portugal).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EURO(currency)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Currency	Text
Examples 	EURO("DEM") equals 1.95583
Related Functions 	
EUROCONVERT 

EUROCONVERT
The EUROCONVERT() function converts a number from one national currency to another currency in the European monetary union by using EURO an intermediary. Currency is one of the following: ATS (Austria), BEF (Belgium), DEM (Germany), ESP (Spain), EUR (Euro), FIM (Finland), FRF (France), GRD (Greece), IEP (Ireland), ITL (Italy), LUF (Luxembourg), NLG (Netherlands), or PTE (Portugal).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EUROCONVERT(number; source currency; target currency)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Source currency	Text
Target currency	Text
Examples 	EUROCONVERT(1; "EUR"; "DEM") equals 1.95583
Related Functions 	
EURO 

FV
The FV() function returns the future value of an investment, given the yield and the time elapsed. If you have $1000 in a bank account earning 8% interest, after two years you will have FV(1000;0.08;2) or $1166.40.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FV(present value;yield;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Present value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FV(1000;0.08;2) equals 1166.40
Related Functions 	
PV 
NPER 
PMT 
RATE 

FV_ANNUITY
The FV_ANNUITY() function returns the future value of a stream of payments given the amount of the payment, the interest rate and the number of periods. For example: If you receive $500 per year for 20 years, and invest it at 8%, the total after 20 years will be FV_annuity(500;0.08;20) or $22,880.98. This function assumes that payments are made at the end of each period.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FV_ANNUITY(amount;interest;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Payment per period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FV_ANNUITY(1000;0.05;5) equals 5525.63

INTRATE
The INTRATE function returns the interest rate for a fully invested security. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	INTRATE(settlement; maturity; investment; redemption; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Investment	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Day counting basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	INTRATE("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 1000000; 2000000; 1) returns 1.98

IPMT
IPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards interest.
Rate is the periodic interest rate.
Period is the amortizement period. 1 for the first and NPER for the last period.
NPER is the total number of periods during which annuity is paid.
PV is the present value in the sequence of payments.
FV (optional) is the desired (future) value. default: 0.
Type (optional) defines the due date. 1 for payment at the beginning of a period and 0 (default) for payment at the end of a period.
The example shows the interest to pay in the last year of a three year loan. The interest rate is 10 percent.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	IPMT(Rate; Period; NPer; PV; FV; Type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Number of periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present values	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Type (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	IPMT(0.1;3;3;8000) equals -292.45
Related Functions 	
PPMT 
PV 
PMT 

IRR
The IRR function calculates the internal rate of return for a series of cash flows.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	IRR( Values[; Guess = 0.1 ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Guess	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Related Functions 	
XIRR 

ISPMT
Calculates the interest paid on a given period of an investment.
Rate is the periodic interest rate.
Period is the amortizement period. 1 for the first and NPer for the last period.
NPer is the total number of periods during which annuity is paid.
PV is the present value in the sequence of payments.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ISPMT(Rate; Period; NPer; PV)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of periods	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Present values (PV)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ISPMT(0.1; 1; 3; 8000000) equals -533333
Related Functions 	
PV 
FV 
NPER 
PMT 
RATE 

LEVEL_COUPON
The LEVEL_COUPON() function calculates the value of a level-coupon bond. For example: if the interest rate is 10%, a $1000 bond with semi-annual coupons at a rate of 13% that matures in 4 years is worth LEVEL_COUPON(1000;.13;2;4;.1) or $1096.95.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LEVEL_COUPON(face value;coupon rate;coupons per year;years;market rate)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Face value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Coupon rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Coupons per year	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Years	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Market interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LEVEL_COUPON(1000;.13;2;4;.1) equals 1096.95

MDURATION
The MDURATION() function will calculate the modified Macauley duration of a fixed interest security in years.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MDURATION( Settlement; Maturity; Coupon; Yield; Frequency; [ Basis=0 ])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Maturity	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Coupon	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Yield	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Frequency	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MDURATION("2004-02-01"; "2004-05-31"; 0.08; 0.09; 2; 0) returns 0.316321106
Related Functions 	
DURATION 

MIRR
The MIRR() function will calculate the modified internal rate of return (IRR) of a series of periodic investments.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MIRR(values; investment; reinvestment)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Investment	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Reinvestment	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MIRR({100;200;-50;300;-200}, 5%, 6%) equals 34.2823387842%
Related Functions 	
IRR 

NOMINAL
The NOMINAL() function calculates the nominal (stated) interest rate for an effective (annualized) interest rate compounded at given intervals. For example: to earn 8% on an account compounded monthly, you need a return of NOMINAL(.08;12) or 7.72%.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NOMINAL(effective;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Effective interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NOMINAL(0.08;12) equals 0.0772
Related Functions 	
EFFECT 

NPER
Returns the number of periods of an investment.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NPER(rate;payment;pv;fv;type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Payment	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present value (PV)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value (FV - optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Type (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	NPER(0.1; -100; 1000) equals 11
Examples 	NPER(0.06; 0; -10000; 20000 ;0) returns 11.906
Related Functions 	
FV 
RATE 
PMT 
PV 

NPV
The net present value (NPV) for a series of periodic cash flows.
Computes the net present value for a series of periodic cash flows with the discount rate Rate. Values should be positive if they are received as income, and negative if the amounts are expenditure.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NPV(Rate; Values)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NPV(100%;4;5;7) = 4.125
Related Functions 	
FV 
IRR 
NPER 
PMT 
PV 

ODDLPRICE
The ODDLPRICE function calculates the value of the security per 100 currency units of face value. The security has an irregular last interest date.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ODDLPRICE( Settlement; Maturity; Last; Rate; AnnualYield; Redemption; Frequency [; Basis = 0 ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Last	Date
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
AnnualYield	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Frequency	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ODDLPRICE(DATE(1990;6;1);DATE(1995;12;31);DATE(1990;1;1);3%;5%;100;2) returns 90.991042345

ODDLYIELD
The ODDLYIELD function calculates the yield of the security which has an irregular last interest date.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ODDLYIELD( Settlement; Maturity; Last; Rate; Price; Redemption; Frequency [; Basis = 0 ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Last	Date
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Price	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Frequency	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ODDLYIELD(DATE(1990;6;1);DATE(1995;12;31);DATE(1990;1;1);3%;91;100;2) returns 4.997775351
Related Functions 	
ODDLPRICE 

PMT
PMT returns the amount of payment for a loan based on a constant interest rate and constant payments (each payment is equal amount).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PMT(rate; nper ; pv [; fv = 0 [; type = 0 ]] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Number of periods (NPer)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present value (PV)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value (FV - optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Type (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	PMT(0.1; 4; 10000) equals -3154.71
Related Functions 	
NPER 
IPMT 
PPMT 
PV 

PPMT
PPMT calculates the amount of a payment of an annuity going towards principal.
Rate is the periodic interest rate.
Period is the amortizement period. 1 for the first and NPER for the last period.
NPER is the total number of periods during which annuity is paid.
PV is the present value in the sequence of payments.
FV (optional) is the desired (future) value. default: 0.
Type (optional) defines the due date. 1 for payment at the beginning of a period and 0 (default) for payment at the end of a period.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PPMT(Rate; Period; NPer; PV [; FV = 9 [; Type = 0 ]] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Number of periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Type (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	PPMT(0.0875;1;36;5000;8000;1) equals -18.48
Related Functions 	
IPMT 
PMT 
PV 

PRICEMAT
PRICEMAT Calculate the price per 100 currency units of face value of the security that pays interest on the maturity date.
Basis Calculation method
0 US method, 12 months, each month with 30 days
1 Actual number of days in year, actual number of days in months
2 360 days in a year, actual number of days in months
4 365 days in a year, actual number of days in months
5 European method, 12 months, each month has 30 days
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PRICEMAT(settlement; maturity; issue; rate; yield [; basis = 0 ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Issue	Date
Discount rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Yield	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	PRICEMAT(DATE(1990;6;1);DATE(1995;12;31);DATE(1990;1;1);6%;5%) returns 103.819218241

PV
The PV() function returns the present value of an investment -- the value today of a sum of money in the future, given the rate of interest or inflation. For example if you need $1166.40 for your new computer and you want to buy it in two years while earning 8% interest, you need to start with PV(1166.4;0.08;2) or $1000.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PV(future value;rate;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Future value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	PV(1166.4;0.08;2) equals 1000

PV_ANNUITY
The PV_ANNUITY() function returns the present value of an annuity or stream of payments. For example: a "million dollar" lottery ticket that pays $50,000 a year for 20 years, with an interest rate of 5%, is actually worth PV_ANNUITY(50000;0.05;20) or $623,111. This function assumes that payments are made at the end of each period.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PV_ANNUITY(amount;interest;periods)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Payment per period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Periods	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	PV_ANNUITY(1000;0.05;5) equals 4329.48

RATE
The RATE() function computes the constant interest rate per period of an investment.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RATE(nper;pmt;pv;fv;type;guess)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Payment period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Regular payments	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Present value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Future value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Type	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Guess	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RATE(4*12;-200;8000) equals 0.007701472

RECEIVED
The RECEIVED function returns the amount received at the maturity date for a invested security. Basis is the type of day counting you want to use: 0: US 30/360 (default), 1: real days, 2: real days/360, 3: real days/365 or 4: European 30/365. The settlement date must be before maturity date.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RECEIVED(settlement; maturity; investment; discount; basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Investment	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Discount rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	RECEIVED("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 1000; 0.05; 0) returns 1,025.787

RRI
The RRI function calculates the interest rate resulting from the profit (return) of an investment.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RRI( P; Pv; Fv)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
P	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Pv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Fv	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RRI(1;100;200) returns 1
Related Functions 	
FV 
NPER 
PMT 
PV 
RATE 

SLN
The SLN() function will determine the straight line depreciation of an asset for a single period. Cost is the amount you paid for the asset. Salvage is the value of the asset at the end of the period. Life is the number of periods over which the asset is depreciated. SLN divides the cost evenly over the life of an asset.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SLN(cost; salvage value; life)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cost	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Salvage	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Life	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SLN(10000;700;10) equals 930
Related Functions 	
SYD 
DDB 

SYD
The SYD() function will calculate the sum-of-years digits depreciation for an asset based on its cost, salvage value, anticipated life, and a particular period. This method accelerates the rate of the depreciation, so that more depreciation expense occurs in earlier periods than in later ones. The depreciable cost is the actual cost minus the salvage value. The useful life is the number of periods (typically years) over which the asset is depreciated.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SYD(cost; salvage value; life; period)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cost	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Salvage	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Life	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Period	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SYD(5000; 200; 5; 2) equals 1280
Related Functions 	
SLN 
DDB 

TBILLEQ
The TBILLEQ functions returns the bond equivalent for a treasury bill. The maturity date must be after the settlement date but within 365 days.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TBILLEQ(settlement; maturity; discount)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Discount rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TBILLEQ("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 0.1) returns 0.1068
Related Functions 	
TBILLPRICE 
TBILLYIELD 

TBILLPRICE
The TBILLPRICE functions returns the price per $100 value for a treasury bill. The maturity date must be after the settlement date but within 365 days. The discount rate must be positive.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TBILLPRICE(settlement; maturity; discount)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Discount rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TBILLPRICE("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 0.05) returns 97.4444
Related Functions 	
TBILLEQ 
TBILLYIELD 

TBILLYIELD
The TBILLYIELD functions returns the yield for a treasury bill. The maturity date must be after the settlement date but within 365 days. The price must be positive.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TBILLYIELD(settlement; maturity; price)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Price per $100 face value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TBILLYIELD("2/28/2001"; "8/31/2001"; 600) returns -1.63
Related Functions 	
TBILLEQ 
TBILLPRICE 

VDB
VDB calculates the depreciation allowance of an asset with an initial value, an expected useful life, and a final value of salvage for a period specified, using the variable-rate declining balance method.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VDB(cost; salvage; life; start-period; end-period; [; depreciation-factor = 2 [; switch = false ]] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Price	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	VDB(10000;600;10;0;0.875;1.5) returns 1312.5

XIRR
The XIRR function calculates the internal rate of return for a non-periodic series of cash flows.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	XIRR( Values; Dates[; Guess = 0.1 ] )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Dates	Date
Guess	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	XIRR(B1:B4;C1:C4) Suppose B1:B4 contains -20000, 4000, 12000, 8000 while C1:C4 contains "=DATE(2000;1;1)", "=DATE(2000;6;1)", "=DATE(2000;12;30)", "=DATE(2001;3;1)" returns 0.2115964
Related Functions 	
IRR 

XNPV
The XNPV function calculates the net present value of a series of cash flows.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	XNPV( Rate; Values; Dates )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Values	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Dates	Date
Examples 	XNPV(5%;B1:B4;C1:C4) suppose B1:B4 contains -20000, 4000, 12000, 8000 while C1:C4 contains "=DATE(2000;1;1)", "=DATE(2000;6;1)", "=DATE(2000;12;30)", "=DATE(2001;3;1)" returns 2907.83187
Related Functions 	
NPV 

YIELDDISC
YIELDDISC calculates the yield of a discounted security per 100 currency units of face value.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	YIELDDISC(settlement; maturity; price, redemp, basis)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Price	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Redemption	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	YIELDDISC(DATE(1990;6;1);DATE(1990;12;31);941.66667;1000) returns 0.106194684

YIELDMAT
The YIELDMAT function calculates the yield of the security that pays interest on the maturity date.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	YIELDMAT( Settlement; Maturity; Issue; Rate; Price; Basis )
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Settlement	Date
Maturity	Date
Issue	Date
Discount rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Price	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Basis	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	YIELDMAT(DATE(1990;6;1);DATE(1995;12;31);DATE(1990; 1; 1); 6%;103.819218241) returns 0.050000000
Related Functions 	
YIELDDISC 

ZERO_COUPON
The ZERO_COUPON() function calculates the value of a zero-coupon (pure discount) bond. For example: if the interest rate is 10%, a $1000 bond that matures in 20 years is worth ZERO_COUPON(1000;.1;20) or $148.64.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ZERO_COUPON(face value;rate;years)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Face value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Interest rate	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Years	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ZERO_COUPON(1000;.1;20) equals 148.64

Information

ERRORTYPE
The ERRORTYPE() function converts a error to a number. If the value is not an error, an error is returned. Otherwise, a numerical code is returned. Error codes are modelled on Excel.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	ERRORTYPE(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Error	Any kind of value
Examples 	ERRORTYPE(NA()) returns 7
Examples 	ERRORTYPE(0) returns an error

FILENAME
Returns the current filename. If the current document is not saved, an empty string is returned.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	FILENAME()
Parameters 	

FORMULA
The FORMULA() function returns the formula of a cell as string.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	FORMULA(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Reference
Examples 	FORMULA(A1) returns "=SUM(1+2)" if the cell A1 contains such a formula.

INFO
The INFO() function returns information about the current operating environment. Parameter type specifies what type of information you want to return. It is one of the following: "directory" returns the path of the current directory, "numfile" returns the number of active documents, "release" returns the version of as text, "recalc" returns the current recalculation mode: "Automatic" or "Manual", "system" returns the name of the operating environment, "osversion" returns the current operating system.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	INFO(type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Type of information	Text

ISBLANK
The ISBLANK() function returns True if the parameter is empty. Otherwise it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISBLANK(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISBLANK(A1) returns True if A1 is empty
Examples 	ISBLANK(A1) returns False if A1 holds a value

ISDATE
The ISDATE() function returns True if the parameter is a date value. Otherwise it returns False
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISDATE(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISDATE("2000-2-2") returns True
Examples 	ISDATE("hello") returns False

ISERR
The ISERR() function returns True if its parameter is an error other than N/A. Otherwise, it returns False. Use ISERROR() if you want to include the N/A error as well.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISERR(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Related Functions 	
ISERROR 
ISNA 

ISERROR
The ISERROR() function returns True if its parameter is an error of any type. Otherwise, it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISERROR(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Related Functions 	
ISERR 
ISNA 

ISEVEN
The ISEVEN() function returns True if the number is even. Otherwise returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISEVEN(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISEVEN(12) returns True
Examples 	ISEVEN(-7) returns False

ISFORMULA
The ISFORMULA() function returns True if the referenced cell contains a formula. Otherwise it returns False
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISFORMULA(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Reference

ISLOGICAL
The ISLOGICAL() function returns True if the parameter is a boolean value. Otherwise it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISLOGICAL(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISLOGICAL(A1>A2) returns True
Examples 	ISLOGICAL(12) returns False

ISNA
The ISNA() function returns True if its parameter is a N/A error. In all other cases, it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISNA(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Related Functions 	
ISERR 
ISERROR 

ISNONTEXT
The ISNONTEXT() function returns True if the parameter is not a string. Otherwise it returns False. It's the same as ISNOTTEXT.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISNONTEXT(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISNONTEXT(12) returns True
Examples 	ISNONTEXT("hello") returns False
Related Functions 	
ISNOTTEXT 

ISNOTTEXT
The ISNOTTEXT() function returns True if the parameter is not a string. Otherwise it returns False. It's the same as ISNONTEXT.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISNOTTEXT(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISNOTTEXT(12) returns True
Examples 	ISNOTTEXT("hello") returns False
Related Functions 	
ISNONTEXT 

ISNUM
The ISNUM() function returns True if the parameter is a numerical value. Otherwise it returns False. It's the same as ISNUMBER.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISNUM(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISNUM(12) returns True
Examples 	ISNUM(hello) returns False
Related Functions 	
ISNUMBER 

ISNUMBER
The ISNUMBER() function returns True if the parameter is a numerical value. Otherwise it returns False. It's the same as ISNUM.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISNUMBER(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISNUMBER(12) returns True
Examples 	ISNUMBER(hello) returns False
Related Functions 	
ISNUM 

ISODD
The ISODD() function returns True if the number is odd. Otherwise returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISODD(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISODD(12) returns False
Examples 	ISODD(-7) returns True

ISREF
The ISREF() function returns True if the parameter refers to a reference. Otherwise it returns False
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISREF(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISREF(A12) returns true
Examples 	ISREF("hello") returns false

ISTEXT
The ISTEXT() function returns True if the parameter is a string. Otherwise it returns False
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISTEXT(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISTEXT(12) returns False
Examples 	ISTEXT("hello") returns True

ISTIME
The ISTIME() function returns True if the parameter is a time value. Otherwise it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	ISTIME(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	ISTIME("12:05") returns True
Examples 	ISTIME("hello") returns False

N
The N() function converts a value to a number. If value is or refers to a number, this function returns the number. If value is True, this function returns 1. If a value is a date, this function returns the serial number of that date. Anything else will cause the function to return 0.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	N(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value	Any kind of value
Examples 	N(3.14) returns 3.14
Examples 	N("7") returns 0 (because "7" is text)

NA
The NA() function returns the constant error value, N/A.
Return type
Error
Syntax 	NA()
Parameters 	
Related Functions 	
ISNA 
ISERR 
ISERROR 

TYPE
The TYPE() function returns 1 if the value is a number, 2 if it is text, 4 if the value is a logical value, 16 if it is an error value or 64 if the value is an array. If the cell the value represents contains a formula you get its return type.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	TYPE(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any value	Any kind of value
Examples 	TYPE(A1) returns 2, if A1 contains "Text"
Examples 	TYPE(-7) returns 1
Examples 	TYPE(A2) returns 1, if A2 contains "=CURRENTDATE()"

Logical

AND
The AND() function returns True if all the values are true. Otherwise it returns False (unless any of the values in an error - then it returns an error).
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	AND(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	AND(true;true;true) returns True
Examples 	AND(true;false) returns False

FALSE
The FALSE() function returns the boolean value FALSE.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	FALSE()
Parameters 	
Examples 	FALSE() returns FALSE

IF
The IF() function is a conditional function. This function returns the second parameter if the condition is True. Otherwise it returns the third parameter (which defaults to being false).
Return type
Any kind of value
Syntax 	IF(condition;if_true;if_false)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Condition	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
If true	Any kind of value
If false	Any kind of value
Examples 	A1=4;A2=6;IF(A1>A2;5;3) returns 3

IFERROR
Return X unless it is an Error, in which case return an alternative value.
Return type
Any kind of value
Syntax 	IFERROR(AnyX;AnyAlternative)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any X	Any kind of value
Any Alternative	Any kind of value
Examples 	IFERROR(A1;A2) returns the content of A1 if that content is not an error-value else the content of A2 is returned.

IFNA
Return X unless it is an NA, in which case return an alternative value.
Return type
Any kind of value
Syntax 	IFNA(AnyX;AnyAlternative)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Any X	Any kind of value
Any Alternative	Any kind of value
Examples 	IFNA(A1;A2) returns the content of A1 if that content is not an #N/A error-value else the content of A2 is returned.

NAND
The NAND() function returns True if at least one value is not true. Otherwise it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	NAND(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	NAND(true;false;false) returns True
Examples 	NAND(true;true) returns False

NOR
The NOR() function returns True if all the values given as parameters are of boolean type and have the value false. Otherwise it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	NOR(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	NOR(true;false;false) returns False
Examples 	NOR(false;false) returns True

NOT
The NOT() function returns True if the value is False and returns False if the value is True. It returns an error if the input in an error.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	NOT(bool)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean value	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	NOT(false) returns True
Examples 	NOT(true) returns False

OR
The OR() function returns True if at least one of the values is true. Otherwise it returns False (unless any of the values is an error, then it returns an error).
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	OR(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	OR(false;false;false) returns False
Examples 	OR(true;false) returns True

TRUE
The TRUE() function returns the boolean value TRUE.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	TRUE()
Parameters 	
Examples 	TRUE() returns TRUE

XOR
The XOR() function returns False if the number of True values is even. Otherwise it returns True. It returns an error if any argument is an error.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	XOR(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Boolean values	A range of truth values (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	XOR(false;false;false) returns True
Examples 	XOR(true;false) returns True

Lookup & Reference

ADDRESS
The ADDRESS creates a cell address. Parameter Row is the row number and Column is the column number.
Absolute number specifies the type of reference: 1 or omitted = Absolute, 2 = Absolute row, relative column, 3 = Relative row; absolute column and 4 = Relative.
A1 Style specifies the style of the address to return. If A1 is set to TRUE (default) the address is returned in A1 style if it is set to FALSE in R1C1 style.
Sheet name is the text specifying the name of the sheet.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	ADDRESS(row; col; absolute; style; sheet name)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Row number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Column number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Absolute number (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
A1 style (optional)	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Sheet name	Text
Examples 	ADDRESS(6; 4) returns $D$6
Examples 	ADDRESS(6; 4; 2) returns D$6
Examples 	ADDRESS(6; 4; 2; FALSE; "Sheet1") returns Sheet1!R6C[4]
Examples 	ADDRESS(6; 4; 1; FALSE; "Sheet1") returns Sheet1!R6C4
Examples 	ADDRESS(6; 4; 4; TRUE; "Sheet1") returns Sheet1!D6

AREAS
Returns the number of areas in the reference string. An area can be asingle cell or a set of cells.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	AREAS(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	A range of strings
Examples 	AREAS(A1) returns 1
Examples 	AREAS((A1; A2:A4)) returns 2

CELL
Returns information about position, formatting or contents in a reference.
Return type
Any kind of value
Syntax 	CELL(type; reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Type	Text
Reference	Reference
Examples 	CELL("COL", C7) returns 3
Examples 	CELL("ROW", C7) returns 7
Examples 	CELL("ADDRESS", C7) returns $C$7

CHOOSE
Returns the parameter specified by the index.
Return type
Any kind of value
Syntax 	CHOOSE(index; parameter1; parameter2;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Index	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Arguments
Examples 	CHOOSE(1; "1st"; "2nd") returns "1st"
Examples 	CHOOSE(2; 3; 2; 4) returns 2

COLUMN
The COLUMN function returns the column of given cell reference. If no parameter is specified the column of the current cell gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COLUMN(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
Examples 	COLUMN(A1) returns 1
Examples 	COLUMN(D2) returns 4
Related Functions 	
COLUMNS 
ROW 

COLUMNS
The COLUMNS function returns the number of columns in a reference.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COLUMNS(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
Examples 	COLUMNS(A1:C3) returns 3
Examples 	COLUMNS(D2) returns 1
Related Functions 	
COLUMN 
ROWS 

HLOOKUP
Look for a matching value in the first row of the given table, and return the value of the indicated row.
Looks up the 'lookup value' in the first row of the 'data source'. If a value matches, the value in the 'row' and the column, the value was found in, is returned. If 'sorted' is true (default), the first row is assumed to be sorted. The search will end, if the 'lookup value' is lower than the value, currently compared to.
Return type
String/Numeric
Syntax 	HLOOKUP(Lookup value; data source; Row; Sorted)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Lookup value	String/Numeric
Data source	Array
Row	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Sorted (optional)	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)

INDEX
If a range is given, returns value stored in a given row/column. If one cell is given, which contains an array, then one element of the array is returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	INDEX(cell, row, column)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
Row	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Column	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	INDEX(A1:C3;2;2), returns contents of B2
Examples 	INDEX(A1;2;2), if A1 is a result of array calculation, returns its (2,2) element.

INDIRECT
Returns the content of the cell specified by the reference text. The second parameter is optional.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	INDIRECT(referenceText, a1 style)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
A1 style (optional)	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	INDIRECT(A1), A1 contains "B1", and B1 1 => returns 1
Examples 	INDIRECT("A1"), returns content of A1

LOOKUP
The LOOKUP function looks up the first parameter in the lookup vector. It returns a value in the result Vector with the same index as the matching value in the lookup vector. If value is not in the lookup vector it takes the next lower one. If no value in the lookup vector matches an error is returned. The lookup vector must be in ascending order and lookup and result vector must have the same size. Numeric values, string and boolean values are recognized. Comparison between strings is case-insensitive.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	LOOKUP(value; lookup vector; result vector)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Lookup value	String/Numeric
Lookup vector	String/Numeric
Result vector	String/Numeric
Examples 	LOOKUP(1.232; A1:A6; B1:B6) for A1 = 1, A2 = 2 returns the value of B1.

MATCH
Finds a search value in a search region, and returns its position (starting from 1). Match type can be either -1, 0 or 1 and determines how is searched for the value. If match type is 0, the index of the first value that equals search value is returned. If match type is 1 (or omitted), the index of the first value that is less than or equal to the search value is returned and the values in the search region must be sorted in ascending order. If match type is -1, the smallest value that is greater than or equal to the search value is found, and the search region needs to be sorted in descending order.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MATCH(Search value; Search region; Match type)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Search value	String/Numeric
Search region	Reference/Array
Match type (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)

MULTIPLE.OPERATIONS
MULTIPLE.OPERATIONS executes the formula expression pointed to by FormulaCell and all formula expressions it depends on while replacing all references to RowCell with references to RowReplacement respectively all references to ColumnCell with references to ColumnReplacement. The function may be used to easily create tables of expressions that depend on two input parameters.
Return type
String/Numeric
Syntax 	MULTIPLE.OPERATIONS(Formula cell; Row cell; Row replacement; Column cell; Column replacement)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Formula cell	Reference
Row cell	Reference
Row replacement	Reference
Column cell (optional)	Reference
Column replacement (optional)	Reference

OFFSET
Modifies a reference's position and dimension.
Return type
Reference
Syntax 	OFFSET(Reference reference; Integer rowOffset; Integer columnOffset; Integer newHeight; Integer newWidth)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference or range	Reference
Number of rows to offset	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of columns to offset	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Height of the offset range (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Width of the offset range (optional)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)

ROW
The ROW function returns the row of given cell reference. If no parameter is specified the row of the current cell gets returned.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	ROW(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
Examples 	ROW(A1) returns 1
Examples 	ROW(D2) returns 2
Related Functions 	
ROWS 
COLUMN 

ROWS
The ROWS function returns the number of rows in a reference.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	ROWS(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Text
Examples 	ROWS(A1:C3) returns 3
Examples 	ROWS(D2) returns 1
Related Functions 	
ROW 
COLUMNS 

SHEET
Returns the sheet number of the reference or the string representing a sheet name.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SHEET(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Reference
Examples 	SHEET(Sheet1!C7) returns 1
Examples 	SHEET(Sheet2!C7) returns 2

SHEETS
Returns the number of sheets in a reference or current document.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SHEETS(reference)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Reference	Reference

VLOOKUP
Look for a matching value in the first column of the given table, and return the value of the indicated column.
Looks up the 'lookup value' in the first column of the 'data source'. If a value matches, the value in the 'column' and the row, the value was found in, is returned. If 'sorted' is true (default), the first column is assumed to be sorted. The search will end, if the 'lookup value' is lower than the value, currently compared to.
Return type
String/Numeric
Syntax 	VLOOKUP(Lookup value; data source; Column; Sorted)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Lookup value	String/Numeric
Data source	Array
Column	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Sorted (optional)	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)

Math

ABS
The ABS() function returns the absolute value of the floating-point number x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ABS(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ABS(12.5) equals 12.5
Examples 	ABS(-12.5) equals 12.5

CEIL
The CEIL() function rounds x up to the nearest integer which is greater than the input, returning that value as a double.
Return type
An integer (like 0, -5, 14 )
Syntax 	CEIL(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CEIL(12.5) equals 13
Examples 	CEIL(-12.5) equals -12
Related Functions 	
CEILING 
FLOOR 
ROUND 
ROUNDUP 

CEILING
The CEILING() function rounds x up (away from zero) to the nearest multiple of Significance which is greater than the input. The default value for Significance is 1 (or -1 if the value is negative), which means rounding up to the nearest integer. If the Mode parameter is non-zero, the function rounds away from zero, instead of up towards the positive infinity.
Return type
An integer (like 0, -5, 14 )
Syntax 	CEILING(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Significance (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Mode (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CEILING(12.5) equals 13
Examples 	CEILING(6.43; 4) equals 8
Examples 	CEILING(-6.43; -4; 1) equals -8
Examples 	CEILING(-6.43; -4; 0) equals -4
Related Functions 	
CEIL 
FLOOR 
ROUND 
ROUNDUP 

COUNT
This function returns the count of integer or floating arguments passed. You can count using a range: COUNT(A1:B5) or using a list of values like COUNT(12;5;12.5).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COUNT(value;value;value...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	COUNT(-5;"KSpread";2) returns 2
Examples 	COUNT(5) returns 1
Related Functions 	
COUNTA 
COUNTIF 
SUM 

COUNTA
This function returns the count of all non empty arguments passed. You can count using a range: COUNTA(A1:B5) or using a list of values like COUNTA(12;5;12.5).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COUNTA(value;value;value...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	COUNTA(-5;"KSpread";2) returns 3
Examples 	COUNTA(5) returns 1
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTIF 

COUNTBLANK
This function returns the count of all empty cells within the range.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COUNTBLANK(range)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range	Range
Examples 	COUNTBLANK(A1:B5)
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTA 
COUNTIF 

COUNTIF
The COUNTIF() function returns the number of cells in the given range that meet the given criteria.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COUNTIF(range;criteria)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Criteria	Text
Examples 	COUNTIF(A2:A3;"14") returns 1 if A2 is -4 and A3 is 14
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
SUMIF 

CUR
The CUR() function returns the non-negative cube root of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CUR(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CUR(27) equals 3
Related Functions 	
SQRT 

DIV
The DIV() function divides the first value by the other values in turn.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DIV(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	DIV(20;2;2) returns 5
Examples 	DIV(25;2.5) returns 10
Related Functions 	
MULTIPLY 
MOD 

EPS
EPS() returns the machine epsilon; this is the difference between 1 and the next largest floating-point number. Because computers use a finite number of digits, roundoff error is inherent (but usually insignificant) in all calculations.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EPS()
Parameters 	
Examples 	On most systems, this returns 2^-52=2.2204460492503131e-16
Examples 	0.5*EPS() returns the "unit round"; this value is interesting because it is the largest number x where (1+x)-1=0 (due to roundoff errors).
Examples 	EPS() is so small that displays 1+eps() as 1
Examples 	Pick a number x between 0 and EPS(). Observe that 1+x rounds x to either 0 or EPS() by using the equation (1+x)-1

EVEN
The EVEN() function returns the number rounded up to the nearest even integer.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EVEN(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	EVEN(1.2) returns 2
Examples 	EVEN(2) returns 2
Related Functions 	
ODD 

EXP
The EXP() function returns the value of e (the base of natural logarithms) raised to the power of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EXP(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	EXP(9) equals 8 103.08392758
Examples 	EXP(-9) equals 0.00012341
Related Functions 	
LN 

FACT
The FACT() function calculates the factorial of the parameter. The mathematical expression is (value)!.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FACT(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FACT(10) returns 3628800
Examples 	FACT(0) returns 1

FACTDOUBLE
The FACTDOUBLE() function calculates the double factorial of a number, i.e. x!!.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FACTDOUBLE(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FACTDOUBLE(6) returns 48
Examples 	FACTDOUBLE(7) returns 105

FIB
Function FIB calculates the Nth term of a Fibonacci sequence (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21...), in which each number, after the first two, is the sum of the two numbers immediately preceding it. FIB(0) is defined to be 0.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FIB(n)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Nth term	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FIB(9) returns 34
Examples 	FIB(26) returns 121393

FLOOR
Round a number x down to the nearest multiple of the second parameter, Significance.
The FLOOR() function rounds x down (towards zero) to the nearest multiple of Significance which is smaller than the input. The default value for Significance is 1, if x is positive. It is -1, if the value is negative, which means rounding up to the nearest integer. If mode is given and not equal to zero, the amount of x is rounded toward zero to a multiple of significance and then the sign applied. Otherwise, it rounds toward negative infinity. If any of the two parameters x or Significance is zero, the result is zero.
Return type
An integer (like 0, -5, 14 )
Syntax 	FLOOR(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Significance (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Mode (optional)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FLOOR(12.5) equals 12
Examples 	FLOOR(-12.5) equals -13
Examples 	FLOOR(5; 2) equals 4
Examples 	FLOOR(5; 2.2) equals 4.4
Related Functions 	
CEIL 
CEILING 
ROUND 
ROUNDDOWN 

GAMMA
The GAMMA() function returns the gamma function value.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GAMMA(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	GAMMA(1) returns 1
Related Functions 	
FACT 

GCD
The GCD() function returns the greatest common denominator for two or more integer values.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	GCD(value; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	A range of whole numbers (like 1, 132, 2344)
Second number	A range of whole numbers (like 1, 132, 2344)
Third number	A range of whole numbers (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	GCD(6;4) returns 2
Examples 	GCD(10;20) returns 10
Examples 	GCD(20;15;10) returns 5
Related Functions 	
LCM 

G_PRODUCT
The G_PRODUCT() function is the same as KPRODUCT. It is provided for Gnumeric compatibility.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	G_PRODUCT(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Related Functions 	
KPRODUCT 

INT
The INT() function returns the integer part of the value.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	INT(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	INT(12.55) equals 12
Examples 	INT(15) equals 15
Related Functions 	
FLOOR 
QUOTIENT 

INV
This function multiplies each value by -1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	INV(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	INV(-5) equals 5
Examples 	INV(5) equals -5
Examples 	INV(0) equals 0

KPRODUCT
The KPRODUCT() function calculates the product of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the product of a range: KPRODUCT(A1:B5) or a list of values like KPRODUCT(12;5;12.5). If no numeric values are found 1 is returned.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	KPRODUCT(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	KPRODUCT(3;5;7) equals 105
Examples 	KPRODUCT(12.5;2) equals 25
Related Functions 	
G_PRODUCT 
MULTIPLY 
PRODUCT 

LCM
The LCM() function returns the least common multiple for two or more float values
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LCM(value; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First number	FLOAT
Second number	FLOAT
Examples 	LCM(6;4) returns 12
Examples 	LCM(1.5;2.25) returns 4.5
Examples 	LCM(2;3;4) returns 12
Related Functions 	
GCD 

LN
The LN() function returns the natural logarithm of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LN(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LN(0.8) equals -0.22314355
Examples 	LN(0) equals -inf
Related Functions 	
LOG 
LOG10 
LOG2 

LOG
The LOG() function returns the base-10 logarithm of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOG(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value, greater than zero	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOG(0.8) equals -0.09691001
Examples 	LOG(0) is an error.
Related Functions 	
LN 
LOGN 
LOG10 
LOG2 

LOG10
The LOG10() function returns the base-10 logarithm of the argument.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOG10(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A positive floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOG10(10) equals 1.
Examples 	LOG10(0) is an error.
Related Functions 	
LN 
LOGN 
LOG 
LOG2 

LOG2
The LOG2() function returns the base-2 logarithm of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOG2(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOG2(0.8) equals -0.32192809
Examples 	LOG2(0) equals -inf.
Related Functions 	
LN 
LOGN 
LOG 
LOG10 

LOGN
The LOGn() function returns the base n logarithm of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOGn(value;base)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Base	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOGn(12;10) equals 1.07918125
Examples 	LOGn(12;2) equals 3.5849625
Related Functions 	
LOG 
LN 
LOG10 
LOG2 

MAX
The MAX() function returns the largest value given in the parameters. String and logical values are ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MAX(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MAX(12;5; 7) returns 12
Examples 	MAX(12.5; 2) returns 12.5
Examples 	MAX(0.5; 0.4; TRUE; 0.2) returns 0.5
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTA 
MAXA 
MIN 
MINA 

MAXA
The MAXA() function returns the largest value given in the parameters. TRUE evaluates to 1, FALSE evaluates to 0. String values are ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MAXA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MAXA(12;5; 7) returns 12
Examples 	MAXA(12.5; 2) returns 12.5
Examples 	MAXA(0.5; 0.4; TRUE; 0.2) returns 1
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTA 
MAX 
MIN 
MINA 

MDETERM
Function MDETERM returns the determinant of a given matrix. The matrix must be of type n x n.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MDETERM(matrix)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MDETERM(A1:C3)
Related Functions 	
MMULT 

MIN
The MIN() function returns the smallest value given in the parameters. String and logical values are ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MIN(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MIN(12;5; 7) returns 5
Examples 	MIN(12.5; 2) returns 2
Examples 	MIN(0.4; 2; FALSE; 0.7) returns 0.4
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTA 
MAX 
MAXA 
MINA 

MINA
The MINA() function returns the smallest value given in the parameters. TRUE evaluates to 1, FALSE to 0. String values are ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MINA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MINA(12;5; 7) returns 5
Examples 	MINA(12.5; 2) returns 2
Examples 	MINA(0.4; 2; FALSE; 0.7) returns 0.
Related Functions 	
COUNT 
COUNTA 
MAX 
MAXA 
MIN 

MINVERSE
Calculates the inverse of the matrix.
The matrix multiplied with its inverse results in the unity matrix of the same dimension.
Invertible matrices have a non-zero determinant.
Return type
A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MINVERSE(matrix)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Matrix	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MINVERSE(A1:C3)
Related Functions 	
MDETERM 
MUNIT 

MMULT
Function MMULT multiplies two matrices. Number of columns of the first matrix must be the same as row count of the second one. The result is a matrix.
Return type
A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MMULT(matrix1;matrix2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First matrix	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Second matrix	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MMULT(A1:C3)
Related Functions 	
MDETERM 

MOD
The MOD() function returns the remainder after division. If the second parameter is null the function returns #DIV/0.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	MOD(value;value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Floating point value	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MOD(12;5) returns 2
Examples 	MOD(5;5) returns 0
Related Functions 	
DIV 

MROUND
The MROUND() function returns the value rounded to the specified multiple. The value and the multiple must have the same sign
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MROUND(value; multiple)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Multiple	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MROUND(1.252; 0.5) equals 1.5
Examples 	MROUND(-1.252; -0.5) equals -1.5
Related Functions 	
ROUND 

MULTINOMIAL
The MULTINOMIAL() function returns the multinomial of each number in the parameters. It uses this formula for MULTINOMIAL(a,b,c):
(a+b+c)! / a!b!c!
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MULTINOMIAL(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MULTINOMIAL(3;4;5) equals 27720

MULTIPLY
The MULTIPLY() function multiplies all the values given in the parameters. You can multiply values given by a range MULTIPLY(A1:B5) or a list of values like MULTIPLY(12;5;12.5). It's equivalent to PRODUCT.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MULTIPLY(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	MULTIPLY(12;5;7) equals 420
Examples 	MULTIPLY(12.5;2) equals 25
Related Functions 	
DIV 
PRODUCT 
KPRODUCT 

MUNIT
Creates the unity matrix of the given dimension.
Return type
A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MUNIT(dimension)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Dimension	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MUNIT(3) creates a 3x3 unity matrix
Related Functions 	
MINVERSE 

ODD
The ODD() function returns the number rounded up (or down, for negative values) to the nearest odd integer. By definition, ODD(0) is 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ODD(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ODD(1.2) returns 3
Examples 	ODD(2) returns 3
Examples 	ODD(-2) returns -3
Related Functions 	
EVEN 

POW
The POW(x;y) function returns the value of x raised to the power of y. It's the same as POWER.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	POW(value;value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	POW(1.2;3.4) equals 1.8572
Examples 	POW(2;3) equals 8
Related Functions 	
POWER 

POWER
The POWER(x;y) function returns the value of x raised to the power of y.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	POWER(value;value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	POWER(1.2;3.4) equals 1.8572
Examples 	POWER(2;3) equals 8
Related Functions 	
POW 

PRODUCT
The PRODUCT() function calculates the product of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the product of a range: PRODUCT(A1:B5) or a list of values like product(12;5;12.5). If no numeric values are found 0 is returned.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PRODUCT(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	PRODUCT(3;5;7) equals 105
Examples 	PRODUCT(12.5;2) equals 25
Related Functions 	
MULTIPLY 
KPRODUCT 

QUOTIENT
Function QUOTIENT returns the integer portion of numerator/denumerator.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	QUOTIENT(numerator;denumerator)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Numerator	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Denumerator	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	QUOTIENT(21;4) returns 5
Related Functions 	
INT 

RAND
The RAND() function returns a pseudo-random number between 0 and 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RAND()
Parameters 	
Examples 	RAND() equals for example 0.78309922...
Related Functions 	
RANDBETWEEN 
RANDEXP 

RANDBERNOULLI
The RANDBERNOULLI() function returns a Bernoulli-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDBERNOULLI(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value (between 0 and 1)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RANDBERNOULLI(0.45)
Related Functions 	
RAND 

RANDBETWEEN
The RANDBETWEEN() function returns a pseudo-random number between bottom and top value. If bottom > top this function returns Err.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDBETWEEN(bottom;top)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Bottom value	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Top value	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	RANDBETWEEN(12;78) equals for example 61.0811...
Related Functions 	
RAND 

RANDBINOM
The RANDBINOM() function returns a binomially-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDBINOM(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value (between 0 and 1)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Trials (greater 0)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	RANDBINOM(4)
Related Functions 	
RAND 
RANDNEGBINOM 

RANDEXP
The RANDEXP() function returns an exponentially-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDEXP(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value (greater 0)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RANDEXP(0.88)
Related Functions 	
RAND 

RANDNEGBINOM
The RANDNEGBINOM() function returns a negative binomially-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDNEGBINOM(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value (between 0 and 1)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Failures (greater 0)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	RANDNEGBINOM(4)
Related Functions 	
RAND 
RANDBINOM 

RANDNORM
The RANDNORM() function returns a Normal(Gaussian)-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDNORM(mu; sigma)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Mean value of the normal distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Dispersion of the normal distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RANDNORM(0; 1)
Related Functions 	
RAND 

RANDPOISSON
The RANDPOISSON() function returns a poisson-distributed pseudo-random number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RANDPOISSON(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value (greater 0)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RANDPOISSON(4)
Related Functions 	
RAND 

ROOTN
The ROOTN() function returns the non-negative nth root of x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ROOTN(x;n)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Value	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ROOTN(9;2) equals 3
Related Functions 	
SQRT 

ROUND
The ROUND(value;[digits]) function returns value rounded. Digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number. If digits is zero or omitted, value is rounded up to the nearest integer. If digits is smaller than zero, the corresponding integer part of the number is rounded.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ROUND(value;[digits])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Digits	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ROUND(1.252;2) equals 1.25
Examples 	ROUND(-1.252;2) equals -1.25
Examples 	ROUND(1.258;2) equals 1.26
Examples 	ROUND(-12.25;-1) equals -10
Examples 	ROUND(-1.252;0) equals -1
Related Functions 	
MROUND 
ROUNDDOWN 
ROUNDUP 

ROUNDDOWN
The ROUNDDOWN(value;[digits]) function returns value rounded so that its absolute value is lesser. Digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number. If digits is zero or omitted, value is rounded down to the nearest integer.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ROUNDDOWN(value;[digits])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Digits	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ROUNDDOWN(1.252) equals 1
Examples 	ROUNDDOWN(1.252;2) equals 1.25
Examples 	ROUNDDOWN(-1.252;2) equals -1.25
Examples 	ROUNDDOWN(-1.252) equals -1
Related Functions 	
ROUND 
ROUNDUP 

ROUNDUP
The ROUNDUP(value;[digits]) function returns value rounded so that its absolute value is greater. Digits is the number of digits to which you want to round that number. If digits is zero or omitted, value is rounded up to the nearest integer.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ROUNDUP(value;[digits])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Digits	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	ROUNDUP(1.252) equals 2
Examples 	ROUNDUP(1.252;2) equals 1.26
Examples 	ROUNDUP(-1.252;2) equals -1.26
Examples 	ROUNDUP(-1.252) equals -2
Related Functions 	
ROUND 
ROUNDDOWN 

SERIESSUM
The SERIESSUM() function returns the sum of a power series.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SERIESSUM( X; N; M; Coefficients)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
X the independent variable of the power series	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
N the initial power to which X is to be raised	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
M the increment by which to increase N for each term in the series	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Coefficients a set of coefficients by which each successive power of the variable X is multiplied	FLOAT
Examples 	SERIESSUM(2;0;2;{1;2}) return 9

SIGN
This function returns -1 if the number is negative, 0 if the number is null and 1 if the number is positive.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SIGN(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SIGN(5) equals 1
Examples 	SIGN(0) equals 0
Examples 	SIGN(-5) equals -1

SQRT
The SQRT() function returns the non-negative square root of the argument. It is an error if the argument is negative.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SQRT(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SQRT(9) equals 3
Examples 	SQRT(-9) is an error
Related Functions 	
IMSQRT 

SQRTPI
The SQRTPI() function returns the non-negative square root of x * PI. It is an error if the argument is negative.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SQRTPI(x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
A floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SQRTPI(2) equals 2.506628

SUBTOTAL
The SUBTOTAL() function returns a subtotal of a given list of arguments ignoring other subtotal results in there. Function can be one of the following numbers: 1 - Average, 2 - Count, 3 - CountA, 4 - Max, 5 - Min, 6 - Product, 7 - StDev, 8 - StDevP, 9 - Sum, 10 - Var, 11 - VarP.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUBTOTAL(function; value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Function	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	If A1:A5 contains 7, 24, 23, 56 and 9:
Examples 	SUBTOTAL(1; A1:A5) returns 23.8
Examples 	SUBTOTAL(4; A1:A5) returns 56
Examples 	SUBTOTAL(9; A1:A5) returns 119
Examples 	SUBTOTAL(11; A1:A5) returns 307.76
Related Functions 	
AVERAGE 
COUNT 
COUNTA 
MAX 
MIN 
PRODUCT 
STDEV 
STDEVP 
SUM 
VAR 
VARP 

SUM
The SUM() function calculates the sum of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the sum of a range SUM(A1:B5) or a list of values like SUM(12;5;12.5).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUM(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	SUM(12;5;7) equals 24
Examples 	SUM(12.5;2) equals 14.5
Related Functions 	
SUMA 
SUMSQ 
SUMIF 

SUMA
The SUMA() function calculates the sum of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the sum of a range SUMA(A1:B5) or a list of values like SUMA(12;5;12.5). If a parameter contains text or the boolean value FALSE it is counted as 0, if a parameter evaluates to TRUE it is counted as 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUM(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	SUMA(12;5; 7) equals 24
Examples 	SUMA(12.5; 2; TRUE) equals 15.5
Related Functions 	
SUM 
SUMSQ 

SUMIF
The SUMIF() function calculates the sum of all values given as parameters which match the criteria. The sum range is optional. If not supplied, the values in the check range are summed. The length of the check range should be equal or less than the length of the sum range.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMIF(checkrange;criteria;sumrange)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Check range	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Criteria	Text
Sum range	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SUMIF(A1:A4;">1") sums all values in range A1:A4 which match >1
Examples 	SUMIF(A1:A4;"=0";B1:B4) sums all values in range B1:B4 if the corresponding value in A1:A4 matches =0
Related Functions 	
SUM 
COUNTIF 

SUMSQ
The SUMSQ() function calculates the sum of all the squares of values given as parameters. You can calculate the sum of a range SUMSQ(A1:B5) or a list of values like SUMSQ(12;5;12.5).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMSQ(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Values	FLOAT
Examples 	SUMSQ(12;5;7) equals 218
Examples 	SUMSQ(12.5;2) equals 173
Related Functions 	
SUM 

TRANSPOSE
Returns the transpose of a matrix, i.e. rows and columns of the matrix are exchanged.
Return type
A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TRANSPOSE(matrix)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Matrix	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TRANSPOSE(A1:C3)

TRUNC
The TRUNC() function truncates a numeric value to a certain precision. If the precision is omitted 0 is assumed.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TRUNC(value; precision)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Precision	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	TRUNC(1.2) returns 1
Examples 	TRUNC(213.232; 2) returns 213.23
Related Functions 	
ROUND 
ROUNDDOWN 
ROUNDUP 

Statistical

AVEDEV
The AVEDEV() function calculates the average of the absolute deviations of a data set from their mean.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	AVEDEV(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	AVEDEV(11.4;17.3;21.3;25.9;40.1) returns 7.84
Examples 	AVEDEV(A1:A5) ...

AVERAGE
The AVERAGE() function calculates the average of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the average of a range AVERAGE(A1:B5) or a list of values like AVERAGE(12;5;12.5).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	AVERAGE(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	AVERAGE(12;5;7) equals 8
Examples 	AVERAGE(12.5;2) equals 7.25

AVERAGEA
The AVERAGEA() calculates the average of the given arguments. Numbers, text and logical values are included in the calculation too. If the cell contains text or the argument evaluates to FALSE, it is counted as value zero (0). If the argument evaluates to TRUE, it is counted as one (1). Note that empty cells are not counted.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	AVERAGEA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
String values	Text
Examples 	AVERAGEA(11.4;17.3;"sometext";25.9;40.1) equals 18.94

BETADIST
The BETADIST() function returns the cumulative beta probability density function.
The third and fourth parameters are optional. They set the lower and upper bounds, otherwise defaulting to 0.0 and 1.0 respectively.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BETADIST(number;alpha;beta;start;end;[cumulative=TRUE])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Alpha parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Beta parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Start	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
End	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Cumulative	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	BETADIST(0.2859;0.2606;0.8105) equals 0.675444
Examples 	BETADIST(0.2859;0.2606;0.8105;0.2;0.9) equals 0.537856

BETAINV
The BETAINV() function returns the inverse of BETADIST(x;alpha;beta;a;b;TRUE()).
The start and end parameters are optional. They set the lower and upper bounds, otherwise defaulting to 0.0 and 1.0 respectively.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BETAINV(number;alpha;beta [; start=0 [; end=1]])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Alpha parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Beta parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Start	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
End	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	BETADIST(BETAINV(0.1;3;4);3;4) equals 0.1
Examples 	BETADIST(BETAINV(0.3;3;4);3;4) equals 0.3

BINO
The BINO() function returns the binomial distribution.
The first parameter is the number of trials, the second parameter is the number of successes, and the third is the probability of success. The number of trials should be greater than the number of successes and the probability should be smaller or equal to 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	BINO(trials;success;prob_of_success)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of trials	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of successful trials	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Probability of success	Double
Examples 	BINO(12;9;0.8) returns 0.236223201

CHIDIST
The CHIDIST() function returns the probability value from the indicated Chi square that a hypothesis is confirmed.
CHIDIST compares the Chi square value to be given for a random sample that is calculated from the sum of (observed value-expected value)^2/expected value for all values with the theoretical Chi square distribution and determines from this the probability of error for the hypothesis to be tested.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CHIDIST(number;degrees_freedom)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Degrees of freedom	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	CHIDIST(13.27;5) returns 0.021

COMBIN
The COMBIN() function calculates the count of possible combinations. The first parameter is the total count of elements. The second parameter is the count of elements to choose. Both parameters should be positive and the first parameter should not be less than the second. Otherwise the function returns an error.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COMBIN(total;chosen)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Total number of elements	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of elements to choose	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	COMBIN(12;5) returns 792
Examples 	COMBIN(5;5) returns 1

COMBINA
The COMBINA() function calculates the count of possible combinations. The first parameter is the total count of elements. The second parameter is the count of elements to choose. Both parameters should be positive and the first parameter should not be less than the second. Otherwise the function returns an error.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COMBIN(total;chosen)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Total number of elements	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of elements to choose	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	COMBIN(12;5) returns 792
Examples 	COMBIN(5;5) returns 1

CONFIDENCE
The CONFIDENCE() function returns the confidence interval for a population mean.
The alpha parameter must be between 0 and 1 (non-inclusive), stddev must be positive and size must be greater or equal to 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CONFIDENCE(alpha;stddev;size)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Level of the confidence interval	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Standard deviation for the total population	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Size of the total population	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	CONFIDENCE(0.05;1.5;100) equals 0.294059

CORREL
The CORREL() function calculates the correlation coefficient of two cell ranges.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CORREL(range1; range2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range of values	Double
Second cell range of values	Double
Examples 	CORREL(A1:A3; B1:B3)
Related Functions 	
PEARSON 

COVAR
The COVAR() function calculates the covariance of two cell ranges.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COVAR(range1; range2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range of values	Double
Second cell range of values	Double
Examples 	COVAR(A1:A3; B1:B3)

DEVSQ
The DEVSQ() function calculates the sum of squares of deviations.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DEVSQ(value; value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Examples 	DEVSQ(A1:A5)
Examples 	DEVSQ(21; 33; 54; 23) returns 684.75

EXPONDIST
The EXPONDIST() function returns the exponential distribution.
The lambda parameter must be positive.
Cumulative = 0 calculates the density function; cumulative = 1 calculates the distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	EXPONDIST(number;lambda;cumulative)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Lambda parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
0 = density, 1 = distribution	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	EXPONDIST(3;0.5;0) equals 0.111565
Examples 	EXPONDIST(3;0.5;1) equals 0.776870

FDIST
The FDIST() function returns the f-distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FDIST(number;degrees_freedom_1;degrees_freedom_2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Degrees of freedom 1	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Degrees of freedom 2	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	FDIST(0.8;8;12) yields 0.61

FINV
The FINV() function returns the unique non-negative number x such that FDIST(x;r1;r2) = p.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FINV(number; r1; r2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Number r1	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number r2	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	FDIST(FINV(0.1;3;4);3;4) equals 0.1

FISHER
The FISHER() function returns the Fisher transformation for x and creates a function close to a normal distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FISHER(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FISHER(0.2859) equals 0.294096
Examples 	FISHER(0.8105) equals 1.128485

FISHERINV
The FISHERINV() function returns the inverse of the Fisher transformation for x and creates a function close to a normal distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FISHERINV(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	FISHERINV(0.2859) equals 0.278357
Examples 	FISHERINV(0.8105) equals 0.669866

FREQUENCY
Counts the number of values for each interval given by the border values in the second parameter.
The values in the second parameter determine the upper boundaries of the intervals. The intervals include the upper boundaries. The returned array is a column vector and has one more element than the second parameter; the last element represents the number of all elements greater than the last value in second parameter. If the second parameter is empty, all values in the first parameter are counted.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	FREQUENCY(Range data; Range bins)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values, that should be counted.	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values, representing the upper boundaries of the intervals.	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

GAMMADIST
The GAMMADIST() function returns the gamma distribution.
If the last parameter (cumulated) is 0, it calculates the density function; if it's 1, the distribution is returned.
The first three parameters must be positive.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GAMMADIST(number;alpha;beta;cumulated)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Alpha parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Beta parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Cumulated flag	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	GAMMADIST(0.758;0.1;0.35;1) equals 0.995450
Examples 	GAMMADIST(0.758;0.1;0.35;0) equals 0.017179

GAMMAINV
The GAMMAINV() function returns the unique number x >= 0 such that GAMMAINV(x;alpha;beta;TRUE()) = p.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GAMMAINV(number;alpha;beta)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Alpha parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Beta parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	GAMMADIST(GAMMAINV(0.1;3;4);3;4) equals 0.1
Examples 	GAMMADIST(GAMMAINV(0.3;3;4);3;4) equals 0.3

GAMMALN
The GAMMALN() function returns the natural logarithm of the gamma function: G(x). The number parameter must be positive.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GAMMALN(Number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	GAMMALN(2) returns 0

GAUSS
The GAUSS() function returns the integral values for the standard normal cumulative distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GAUSS(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The number for which the integral value of standard normal distribution is to be calculated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	GAUSS(0.25) equals 0.098706

GEOMEAN
The GEOMEAN() function returns the geometric mean of the given arguments. This is equal to the Nth root of the product of the terms.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	GEOMEAN(value; value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Examples 	GEOMEAN(A1:A5)
Examples 	GEOMEAN(21; 33; 54; 23) returns 30.45886
Related Functions 	
HARMEAN 

HARMEAN
The HARMEAN() function returns the harmonic mean of the N data points (N divided by the sum of the inverses of the data points).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	HARMEAN(value; value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Examples 	HARMEAN(A1:A5)
Examples 	HARMEAN(21; 33; 54; 23) returns 28.588
Related Functions 	
GEOMEAN 

HYPGEOMDIST
The HYPGEOMDIST() function returns the hypergeometric distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	HYPGEOMDIST(x; n; M; N)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of success in the sample	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of trials	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of success overall	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Population size	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	HYPGEOMDIST(2; 5; 6; 20) returns 0.3522

INTERCEPT
The INTERCEPT() function calculates the interception of the linear regression line with the y axis.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	INTERCEPT(y;x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
y values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
x values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

INVBINO
The INVBINO() function returns the negative binomial distribution. The first parameter is the number of trials, the second parameter is the number of failures, and the third is the probability of failure. The number of trials should be larger than the number of failures and the probability should be smaller or equal to 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	INVBINO(trials;failure;prob_of_failure)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of trials	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of failures	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Probability of failure	Double
Examples 	INVBINO(12;3;0.2) returns 0.236223201

KURT
The KURT() function calculates an unbiased estimate of the kurtosis of a data set. You have to provide at least 4 values, otherwise an error is returned.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	KURT(value; value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Examples 	KURT(A1:A5)
Examples 	KURT(21; 33; 54; 23) returns 1.344239
Related Functions 	
KURTP 

KURTP
The KURTP() function calculates an population kurtosis of a data set. You have to provide at least 4 values, otherwise an error is returned.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	KURTP(value; value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Floating point values	Double
Examples 	KURTP(A1:A5)
Examples 	KURTP(21; 33; 54; 23) returns -1.021
Related Functions 	
KURT 

LARGE
The LARGE() function returns the k-th largest value from the data set.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LARGE(range; k)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range of values	Double
Position (from the largest)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	A1: 3, A2: 1, A3: 5 => LARGE(A1:A3; 2) returns 3

LEGACYFDIST
The LEGACYFDIST() function returns the f-distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LEGACYFDIST(number;degrees_freedom_1;degrees_freedom_2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Degrees of freedom 1	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Degrees of freedom 2	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	LEGACYFDIST(0.8;8;12) yields 0.61

LOGINV
The LOGINV() function returns the inverse of the lognormal cumulative distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOGINV(p; mean; stdev)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Probability	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Mean value of the standard logarithmic distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Standard deviation of the standard logarithmic distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOGINV(0.1;0;1) equals 0.2776

LOGNORMDIST
The LOGNORMDIST() function returns the cumulative lognormal distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	LOGNORMDIST(Number;MV;STD)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Probability value for which the standard logarithmic distribution is to be calculated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Mean value of the standard logarithmic distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Standard deviation of the standard logarithmic distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	LOGNORMDIST(0.1;0;1) equals 0.01

MEDIAN
The MEDIAN() function calculates the median of all the values given as parameters. You can calculate the median of a range like MEDIAN(A1:B5) or a list of values like MEDIAN(12; 5; 12.5). Blank cells will be considered as a zero, and cells with text will be ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MEDIAN(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point value or range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values or range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values or range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values or range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values or range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	MEDIAN(12; 5; 5.5) equals 5.5
Examples 	MEDIAN(12; 7; 8;2) equals 7.5

MODE
The MODE() function returns the most frequently occurring value in the data set.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	MODE(number; number2; ...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Examples 	MODE(12; 14; 12; 15) returns 12

NEGBINOMDIST
The NEGBINOMDIST() function returns the negative binomial distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NEGBINOMDIST(failures; success; prob_of_success)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number of failures	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of successful trials	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Probability of success	Double
Examples 	NEGBINOMDIST(2;5;0.55) returns 0.152872629

NORMDIST
The NORMDIST() function returns the normal cumulative distribution.
Number is the value of the distribution based on which the normal distribution is to be calculated.
MV is the linear middle of the distribution.
STD is the standard deviation of the distribution.
K = 0 calculates the density function; K = 1 calculates the distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NORMDIST(Number;MV;STD;K)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Linear middle of the distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Standard deviation of the distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
0 = density, 1 = distribution	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	NORMDIST(0.859;0.6;0.258;0) equals 0.934236
Examples 	NORMDIST(0.859;0.6;0.258;1) equals 0.842281

NORMINV
The NORMINV() function returns the inverse of the normal cumulative distribution. The number must be between 0 and 1 (non-inclusive) and STD must be positive.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NORMINV(number;MV;STD)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Probability value for which the standard logarithmic distribution is to be calculated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Middle value in the normal distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Standard deviation of the normal distribution	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NORMINV(0.9;63;5) equals 69.41

NORMSDIST
The NORMSDIST() function returns the standard normal distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NORMSDIST(Number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value to which the standard normal distribution is calculated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NORMSDIST(1) equals 0.84

NORMSINV
The NORMSINV() function returns the inverse of the standard normal cumulative distribution. The number must be between 0 and 1 (non-inclusive).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	NORMSINV(Number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	NORMSINV(0.908789) returns 1.3333

PEARSON
The PEARSON() function calculates the correlation coefficient of two cell ranges. It is the same as the CORREL function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PEARSON(range1; range2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range of values	Double
Second cell range of values	Double
Examples 	PEARSON(A1:A3; B1:B3)
Related Functions 	
CORREL 

PERCENTILE
The PERCENTILE() function returns the x-th sample percentile of data values in Data. A percentile returns the scale value for a data series which goes from the smallest (alpha=0) to the largest value (alpha=1) of a data series. For alpha = 25%, the percentile means the first quartile; alpha = 50% is the MEDIAN. Blank cells will be considered as a zero, and cells with text will be ignored.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PERCENTILE(data;alpha)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Range of values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
The percentile value between 0 and 1, inclusive.	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Related Functions 	
MEDIAN 

PERMUT
The PERMUT() function returns the number of permutations. The first parameter is the number of elements, and the second parameter is the number of elements used in the permutation.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	PERMUT(total;permutated)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Total number of elements	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of elements to permutate	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	PERMUT(8;5) equals 6720
Examples 	PERMUT(1;1) equals 1

PERMUTATIONA
The PERMUTATIONA() function returns the number of ordered permutations when allowing repetition. The first parameter is the number of elements, and the second parameter is the number of elements to choose. Both parameters must be positive.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	PERMUTATIONA(total;chosen)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Total number of elements	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of elements to choose	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	PERMUTATIONA(2,3) returns 8
Examples 	PERMUTATIONA(0,0) returns 1

PHI
The PHI() function returns value of the distribution function for a standard normal distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PHI(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The number for which the standard normal distribution is to be calculated	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	PHI(0.25) equals 0.386668

POISSON
The POISSON() function returns the Poisson distribution.
The lambda and number parameters must be positive.
Cumulative = 0 calculates the density function; cumulative = 1 calculates the distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	POISSON(number;lambda;cumulative)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Lambda parameter (the middle value)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
0 = density, 1 = distribution	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	POISSON(60;50;0) equals 0.020105
Examples 	POISSON(60;50;1) equals 0.927840

RANK
The RANK() function returns the rank of a number in a list of numbers.
Order specifies how to rank the numbers:
If 0 or omitted, Data is ranked in descending order.
If not 0, Data is ranked in ascending order.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RSQ(Value; Data; Order)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Data (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Order	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RANK (2;{1;2;3}) equals 2

RSQ
The RSQ() function returns the square of the Pearson product moment correlation coefficient through data points in known_y's and known_x's.
If "arrayY" and "arrayX" are empty or have a different number of data points, then #N/A is returned.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RSQ(known Y; known X)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
known Y (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
known X (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

SKEW
The SKEW() function returns an estimate for skewness of a distribution
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SKEW(number; number2; ...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Examples 	SKEW(11.4; 17.3; 21.3; 25.9; 40.1) returns 0.9768
Related Functions 	
SKEWP 

SKEWP
The SKEWP() function returns the population skewness of a distribution
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SKEWP(number; number2; ...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Float	Double
Examples 	SKEWP(11.4; 17.3; 21.3; 25.9; 40.1) returns 0.6552
Related Functions 	
SKEW 

SLOPE
The SLOPE() function calculates the slope of the linear regression line.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SLOPE(y;x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
y values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
x values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

SMALL
The SMALL() function returns the k-th smallest value from the data set.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SMALL(range; k)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Cell range of values	Double
Position (from the smallest)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	A1: 3, A2: 1, A3: 5 => SMALL(A1:A3; 1) returns 1

STANDARDIZE
The STANDARDIZE() function calculates a normalized value.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	STANDARDIZE(x; mean, stdev)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number to be normalized	Double
Mean of the distribution	Double
Standard deviation	Double
Examples 	STANDARDIZE(4; 3; 7) returns 0.1429

STDEV
The STDEV() function returns the estimate standard deviation based on a sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	STDEV(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	STDEV(6;7;8) equals 1
Related Functions 	
STDEVP 

STDEVA
The STDEVA() function returns the estimate standard deviation based on a sample. The standard deviation is a measure of how widely values are dispersed from the average value. If a referenced cell contains text or contains the boolean value FALSE, it is counted as 0. If the boolean value is TRUE it is counted as 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	STDEVA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	STDEVA(6; 7; A1; 8) equals 1, if A1 is empty
Examples 	STDEVA(6; 7; A1; 8) equals 3.109, if A1 is TRUE
Related Functions 	
STDEV 
STDEVP 

STDEVP
The STDEVP() function returns the standard deviation based on an entire population
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	STDEVP(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	STDEVP(6;7;8) equals 0.816497...
Related Functions 	
STDEV 

STDEVPA
The STDEVPA() function returns standard deviation based on an entire population. If a referenced cell contains text or contains the boolean value FALSE, it is counted as 0. If the boolean value is TRUE it is counted as 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	STDEVPA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	STDEVPA(6; 7; A1; 8) equals 0.816497..., if A1 is empty
Examples 	STDEVPA(6; 7; A1; 8) equals 2.69..., if A1 is TRUE
Examples 	STDEVPA(6; 7; A1; 8) equals 3.11..., if A1 is FALSE
Related Functions 	
STDEV 
STDEVP 

STEYX
The STEYX() function calculates the standard error of the predicted y value for each x in the regression.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SLOPE(y;x)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
y values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
x values (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

SUM2XMY
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SLOPE(y;x)
Parameters 	

SUMPRODUCT
The SUMPRODUCT() function (SUM(X*Y)) returns the sum of the product of these values. The number of values in the two arrays should be equal. Otherwise this function returns Err.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMPRODUCT(array1;array2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value (array)	Double
Value (array)	Double
Examples 	SUMPRODUCT(A1:A2;B1:B2) with A1=2, A2=5, B1=3 and B2=5, returns 31

SUMX2MY2
The SUMX2MY2() function (SUM(X^2-Y^2)) returns the difference of the squares of these values. The number of values in the two arrays should be equal. Otherwise this function returns Err.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMX2MY2(array1;array2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value (array)	Double
Value (array)	Double
Examples 	SUMX2MY2(A1:A2;B1:B2) with A1=2, A2=5, B1=3 and B2=5, returns -5

SUMX2PY2
The SUMX2PY2() function (SUM(X^2+Y^2)) returns the sum of the squares of these values. The number of values in the two arrays should be equal. Otherwise this function returns Err.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMX2PY2(array1;array2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value (array)	Double
Value (array)	Double
Examples 	SUMX2PY2(A1:A2;B1:B2) with A1=2, A2=5, B1=3 and B2=5, returns 63

SUMXMY2
The SUMXMY2() function (SUM((X-Y)^2)) returns the square of the differences of these values. The number of values in the two arrays should be equal. Otherwise this function returns Err.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SUMXMY2(array1;array2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value (array)	Double
Value (array)	Double
Examples 	SUMXMY2(A1:A2;B1:B2) with A1=2, A2=5, B1=3 and B2=5, returns 1

TDIST
The TDIST() function returns the t-distribution.
Mode = 1 returns the one-tailed test, Mode = 2 returns the two-tailed test.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TDIST(number;degrees_freedom;mode)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Degrees of freedom for the t-distribution	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Mode (1 or 2)	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	TDIST(12;5;1) returns 0.000035

TREND
The TREND() function calculates a sequence of values based on a linear regression of known value pairs.
Constraints: COUNT(knownY) = COUNT(knownX).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TREND(knownY[;knownX[;newX[;allowOffset = TRUE]]])
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
KnownY	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
KnownX	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
NumberSequence newX	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
allowOffset	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)

TRIMMEAN
The TRIMMEAN() function calculates the mean of a data set's fraction.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TRIMMEAN(dataSet; cutOffFraction)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
dataSet	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
cutOffFraction	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

TTEST
The TTEST() function calculates the probability of a t-test.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TTEST(x; y; type; mode)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
x (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
y (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
type	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
mode	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)

VAR
The VAR() function calculates the estimates variance based on a sample.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VAR(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	VAR(12;5;7) equals 13
Examples 	VAR(15;80;3) equals 1716.333...
Examples 	VAR(6;7;8) equals 1
Related Functions 	
VARIANCE 
VARA 
VARP 
VARPA 

VARA
The VARA() function calculates the variance based on a sample.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VARA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	VARA(12;5;7) equals 13
Examples 	VARA(15;80;3) equals 1716.333...
Examples 	VARA(6;7;8) equals 1
Related Functions 	
VAR 
VARP 
VARPA 

VARIANCE
The VARIANCE() function calculates the estimates variance based on a sample. It's the same as the VAR function.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VARIANCE(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	VARIANCE(12;5;7) equals 13
Examples 	VARIANCE(15;80;3) equals 1716.333...
Examples 	VARIANCE(6;7;8) equals 1
Related Functions 	
VAR 
VARA 
VARP 
VARPA 

VARP
The VARP() function calculates the variance based on an entire population.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VARP(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	VARP(12;5;7) equals 8.666...
Examples 	VARP(15;80;3) equals 1144.22...
Examples 	VARP(6;7;8) equals 0.6666667...
Related Functions 	
VAR 
VARA 
VARPA 

VARPA
The VARPA() function calculates the variance based on an entire population. Text and boolean values that evaluate to FALSE are counted as 0, boolean value that evaluate to TRUE are counted as 1.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	VARPA(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Floating point values	A range of floating point values (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	VARPA(12;5;7) equals 8.666...
Examples 	VARPA(15;80;3) equals 1144.22...
Examples 	VARPA(6;7;8) equals 0.6666667...
Related Functions 	
VAR 
VARA 
VARP 

WEIBULL
The WEIBULL() function returns the Weibull distribution.
The alpha and beta parameters must be positive, the number (first parameter) must be non-negative.
Cumulative = 0 calculates the density function; cumulative = 1 calculates the distribution.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	WEIBULL(number;alpha;beta;cumulative)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Alpha parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Beta parameter	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
0 = density, 1 = distribution	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	WEIBULL(2;1;1;0) equals 0.135335
Examples 	WEIBULL(2;1;1;1) equals 0.864665

ZTEST
The ZTEST() function calculates the two tailed probability of a z-test with normal distribution.
Performs a test of the null hypothesis, that sample is a sample of a normal distributed random variable with mean mean and standard deviation sigma. A return value of 1 indicates, that the null hypothesis is rejected, i.e. the sample is not a random sample of the normal distribution. If sigma is omitted, it is estimated from sample, using STDEV.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ZTEST(x; mean; standardDeviation)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
x (array)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
mean	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
standardDeviation	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )

Text

ASC
The ASC() function returns the half-width characters corresponding to the full-width argument.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	ASC(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Full width characters	Text
Related Functions 	
JIS 

BAHTTEXT
The BAHTTEXT() function converts a number to a text in Thai characters (baht).
Return type
Text
Syntax 	BAHTTEXT(number)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	BAHTTEXT(23) returns "ยสบสามบาทถวน"

CHAR
The CHAR() function returns the character specified by a number.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	CHAR(code)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Character code	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	CHAR(65) returns "A"
Related Functions 	
CODE 

CLEAN
The CLEAN() function removes every non-printable character from the string
Return type
Text
Syntax 	CLEAN(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Examples 	CLEAN(AsciiToChar(7) + "HELLO") returns "HELLO"

CODE
The CODE() function returns a numeric code for the first character in a text string.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	CODE(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text	Text
Examples 	CODE("KDE") returns 75
Related Functions 	
CHAR 

COMPARE
The COMPARE() function returns 0 if the two strings are equal; -1 if the first one is lower in value than the second one; otherwise it returns 1.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	COMPARE(string1; string2; true|false)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
First string	Text
String to compare with	Text
Compare case-sensitive (true/false)	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	COMPARE("Calligra"; "Calligra"; true) returns 0
Examples 	COMPARE("calligra"; "Calligra"; true) returns 1
Examples 	COMPARE("kspread"; "Calligra"; false) returns 1
Related Functions 	
EXACT 

CONCATENATE
The CONCATENATE() function returns a string which is the concatenation of the strings passed as parameters.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	CONCATENATE(value;value;...)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String values	A range of strings
String values	A range of strings
String values	A range of strings
String values	A range of strings
String values	A range of strings
Examples 	CONCATENATE("Sheets";"Calligra";"KDE") returns "SheetsCalligraKDE"

DOLLAR
The DOLLAR() function converts a number to text using currency format, with the decimals rounded to the specified place. Although the name is DOLLAR, this function will do the conversion according to the current locale.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	DOLLAR(number;decimals)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	Double
Decimals	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	DOLLAR(1403.77) returns "$ 1,403.77"
Examples 	DOLLAR(-0.123;4) returns "$-0.1230"

EXACT
The EXACT() function returns True if these two strings are equal. Otherwise, it returns False.
Return type
A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Syntax 	EXACT(string1;string2)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String	Text
String	Text
Examples 	EXACT("Calligra";"Calligra") returns True
Examples 	EXACT("KSpread";"Calligra") returns False
Related Functions 	
COMPARE 

FIND
The FIND() function finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text) and returns the number of the starting point of find_text, from the leftmost character of within_text.
Parameter start_num specifies the character at which to start the search. The first character is character number 1. If start_num is omitted, it is assumed to be 1.
You can also use function SEARCH, but unlike SEARCH, FIND is case-sensitive and does not allow wildcard characters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	FIND(find_text;within_text;start_num)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The text you want to find	Text
The text which may contain find_text	Text
Specifies index to start the search	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	FIND("Cal";"Calligra") returns 1
Examples 	FIND("i";"Calligra") returns 5
Examples 	FIND("a";"Sheets in Calligra";4) returns 12
Related Functions 	
FINDB 
SEARCH 
REPLACE 
SEARCHB 
REPLACEB 

FINDB
The FINDB() function finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text) and returns the number of the starting point of find_text, from the leftmost character of within_text using byte positions.
Parameter BytePosition specifies the character at which to start the search. The first character is character number 2. If start_num is omitted, it is assumed to be 2.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	FINDB(find_text;within_text;BytePosition Start)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The text you want to find	Text
The text which may contain find_text	Text
Specifies byte position to start the search	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
FIND 
SEARCH 
REPLACE 
SEARCHB 
REPLACEB 

FIXED
The FIXED() function rounds a number to the specified number of decimals, formats the number in decimal format string, and returns the result as text. If decimals is negative, number is rounded to the left of the decimal point. If you omit decimals, it is assumed to be 2. If optional parameter no_commas is True, thousand separators will not show up.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	FIXED(number;decimals;no_commas)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Number	Double
Decimals	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
No_commas	A truth value (TRUE or FALSE)
Examples 	FIXED(1234.567;1) returns "1,234.6"
Examples 	FIXED(1234.567;1;FALSE) returns "1234.6"
Examples 	FIXED(44.332) returns "44.33"

JIS
The JIS() function returns the full-width characters corresponding to the half-width argument.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	JIS(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Half-width characters	Text
Related Functions 	
ASC 

LEFT
The LEFT() function returns a substring that contains the 'length' leftmost characters of the string. The whole string is returned if 'length' exceeds the length of the string. It is an error for the number of characters to be less than 0.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	LEFT(text;length)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Number of characters	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	LEFT("hello";2) returns "he"
Examples 	LEFT("KSpread";10) returns "KSpread"
Examples 	LEFT("KSpread") returns "K"
Related Functions 	
RIGHT 
MID 
RIGHTB 
MIDB 

LEFTB
The LEFTB() function returns a substring that contains the 'length' leftmost characters of the string using byte positions. The whole string is returned if 'length' exceeds the length of the string. It is an error for the number of characters to be less than 0.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	LEFTB(text;ByteLength)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Byte Length	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
RIGHT 
MID 
RIGHTB 
MIDB 

LEN
The LEN() function returns the length of the string.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	LEN(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String	Text
Examples 	LEN("hello") returns 5
Examples 	LEN("KSpread") returns 7
Related Functions 	
LENB 

LENB
The LENB() function returns the length of the string using byte positions.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	LENB(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String	Text

LOWER
The LOWER() function converts a string to lower case.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	LOWER(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Examples 	LOWER("hello") returns "hello"
Examples 	LOWER("HELLO") returns "hello"
Related Functions 	
UPPER 
TOGGLE 

MID
The MID() function returns a substring that contains 'length' characters of the string, starting at 'position' index.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	MID(text;position;length)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Position	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Length	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	MID("Calligra";2;3) returns "all"
Examples 	MID("Calligra";2) returns "alligra"
Related Functions 	
LEFT 
RIGHT 
LEFTB 
RIGHTB 
MIDB 

MIDB
The MIDB() function returns a substring that contains 'length' characters of the string, starting at 'position' index using byte positions.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	MIDB(text;BytePosition Start;ByteLength)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Byte Position	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Byte Length	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
LEFT 
RIGHT 
LEFTB 
RIGHTB 
MID 

PROPER
The PROPER() function converts the first letter of each word to uppercase and the rest of the letters to lowercase.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	PROPER(string)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String	Text
Examples 	PROPER("this is a title") returns "This Is A Title"

REGEXP
Returns a part of the string that matches a regular expression. If the string does not match the given regular expression, value specified as default is returned.
If a back-reference is provided, then the value of that back-reference is returned.
If no default value is given, an empty string is assumed. If no back-reference is given, 0 is assumed (so that entire matching part is returned).
Return type
Text
Syntax 	REGEXP(text; regexp; default; backref)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Searched text	Text
Regular expression	Text
Default value (optional)	Text
Back-reference (optional)	Number
Examples 	REGEXP("Number is 15.";"[0-9]+") = "15"
Examples 	REGEXP("15, 20, 26, 41";"([0-9]+), *[0-9]+$";"";1) = "26"

REGEXPRE
Replaces all matches of a regular expression with the replacement text
Return type
Text
Syntax 	REGEXPRE(text; regexp; replacement)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Searched text	Text
Regular expression	Text
Replacement	Text
Examples 	REGEXPRE("14 and 15 and 16";"[0-9]+";"num") returns "num and num and num"

REPLACE
The REPLACE() function replaces part of a text string with a different text string.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	REPLACE(text;position;length;new_text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text which you want to replace some characters	Text
Position of the characters to replace	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Number of characters to replace	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The text that will replace characters in old text	Text
Examples 	REPLACE("abcdefghijk";6;5;"-") returns "abcde-k"
Examples 	REPLACE("2002";3;2;"03") returns "2003"
Related Functions 	
FIND 
MID 
FINDB 
MIDB 

REPLACEB
The REPLACEB() function replaces part of a text string with a different text string using byte positions.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	REPLACEB(text;BytePosition;ByteLength Len;new_text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text which you want to replace some characters using byte position	Text
Byte position of the characters to replace	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The byte length of characters to replace	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
The text that will replace characters in old text	Text
Related Functions 	
FINDB 
MIDB 
FIND 
MID 

REPT
The REPT() function repeats the first parameter as many times as by the second parameter. The second parameter must not be negative, and this function will return an empty string if the second parameter is zero (or rounds down to zero).
Return type
Text
Syntax 	REPT(text;count)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Count of repetitions	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	REPT("KSpread";3) returns "KSpreadKSpreadKSpread"
Examples 	REPT("KSpread";0) returns ""

RIGHT
The RIGHT() function returns a substring that contains the 'length' rightmost characters of the string. The whole string is returned if 'length' exceeds the length of the string.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	RIGHT(text;length)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Number of characters	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	RIGHT("hello";2) returns "lo"
Examples 	RIGHT("KSpread";10) returns "KSpread"
Examples 	RIGHT("KSpread") returns "d"
Related Functions 	
LEFT 
MID 
LEFTB 
MIDB 

RIGHTB
The RIGHTB() function returns a substring that contains the 'length' rightmost characters of the string using byte positions. The whole string is returned if 'length' exceeds the length of the string.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	RIGHTB(text;ByteLength)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Byte Length	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
LEFT 
MID 
LEFTB 
MIDB 

ROT13
The ROT13() function encrypts text by replacing each letter with the one 13 places along in the alphabet. If the 13th position is beyond the letter Z, it begins again at A (rotation).
By applying the encryption function again to the resulting text, you can decrypt the text.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	ROT13(Text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text	Text
Examples 	ROT13("KSpread") returns "XFcernq"
Examples 	ROT13("XFcernq") returns "KSpread"

SEARCH
The SEARCH() function finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text) and returns the number of the starting point of find_text, from the leftmost character of within_text.
You can use wildcard characters, question mark (?) and asterisk (*). A question mark matches any single character, an asterisk matches any sequences of characters.
Parameter start_num specifies the character at which to start the search. The first character is character number 1. If start_num is omitted, it is assumed to be 1. SEARCH does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SEARCH(find_text;within_text;start_num)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The text you want to find	Text
The text which may contain find_text	Text
Specified index to start the search	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	SEARCH("e";"Statements";6) returns 7
Examples 	SEARCH("margin";"Profit Margin") returns 8
Related Functions 	
FIND 
FINDB 
SEARCHB 

SEARCHB
The SEARCHB() function finds one text string (find_text) within another text string (within_text) and returns the number of the starting point of find_text, from the leftmost character of within_text using byte positions.
You can use wildcard characters, question mark (?) and asterisk (*). A question mark matches any single character, an asterisk matches any sequences of characters.
Parameter BytePosition specifies the character at which to start the search. The first character is character number 2. If BytePosition is omitted, it is assumed to be 2. SEARCHB does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase letters.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	SEARCHB(find_text;within_text;BytePosition Start)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
The text you want to find	Text
The text which may contain find_text	Text
Specified byte position to start the search	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Related Functions 	
FINDB 
FIND 
SEARCH 

SLEEK
The SLEEK() function removes all spaces from the string.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	SLEEK(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Examples 	SLEEK("This is some text ") returns "Thisissometext"
Related Functions 	
TRIM 

SUBSTITUTE
The SUBSTITUTE() substitutes new_text for old_text in a text string. If instance_num is specified, only that instance of old_text is replaced. Otherwise, every occurrence of old_text is changed to new_text. Use SUBSTITUTE when you want to replace specific text, use REPLACE when you want to replace any text that occurs in a specific location.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	SUBSTITUTE(text; old_text; new_text; instance_num)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text for which you want to substitute	Text
Part of text you want to replace	Text
New text which will be replacement	Text
Which occurrence to replace	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	SUBSTITUTE("Cost Data";"Cost";"Sales") returns "Sales Data"
Examples 	SUBSTITUTE("Qtr 1, 2001";"1";"3";1) returns "Qtr 3, 2001"
Examples 	SUBSTITUTE("Qtr 1, 2001";"1";"3";4) returns "Qtr 3, 2003"
Related Functions 	
REPLACE 
REPLACEB 
FIND 
FINDB 

T
The T() function returns the text referred to by value. If value is, or refers to, text then T returns value. If value does not refer to text then T returns empty text.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	T(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value	Any kind of value
Examples 	T("Calligra") returns "Calligra"
Examples 	T(1.2) returns "" (empty text)

TEXT
The TEXT() function converts a value to text.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	TEXT(value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Value	Any kind of value
Examples 	TEXT(1234.56) returns "1234.56"
Examples 	TEXT("KSpread") returns "KSpread"

TOGGLE
The TOGGLE() function changes lowercase characters to uppercase and uppercase characters to lowercase.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	TOGGLE(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Examples 	TOGGLE("hello") returns "HELLO"
Examples 	TOGGLE("HELLO") returns "hello"
Examples 	TOGGLE("HeLlO") returns "hElLo"
Related Functions 	
UPPER 
LOWER 

TRIM
The TRIM() function returns text with only single spaces between words.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	TRIM(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
String	Text
Examples 	TRIM(" hello KSpread ") returns "hello KSpread"

UNICHAR
The UNICHAR() function returns the character specified by a unicode code point.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	UNICHAR(code)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Character code	Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Examples 	UNICHAR(65) returns "A"
Related Functions 	
UNICODE 
CHAR 

UNICODE
The UNICODE() function returns a unicode code point for the first character in a text string.
Return type
Whole number (like 1, 132, 2344)
Syntax 	UNICODE(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text	Text
Examples 	UNICODE("KDE") returns 75
Related Functions 	
UNICHAR 
CODE 

UPPER
The UPPER() function converts a string to upper case.
Return type
Text
Syntax 	UPPER(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Source string	Text
Examples 	UPPER("hello") returns "HELLO"
Examples 	UPPER("HELLO") returns "HELLO"
Related Functions 	
LOWER 
TOGGLE 

VALUE
Converts text string that represents a value to the real value.
Return type
Double
Syntax 	VALUE(text)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Text	Text
Examples 	VALUE("14.03") returns 14.03

Trigonometric

ACOS
The ACOS() function returns the arc cosine in radians and the value is mathematically defined to be 0 to PI (inclusive).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ACOS(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ACOS(0.8) equals 0.6435011
Examples 	ACOS(0) equals 1.57079633
Related Functions 	
COS 

ACOSH
The ACOSH() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic cosine of x. That is the value whose hyperbolic cosine is x. If x is less than 1.0, acosh() returns not-a-number (NaN) and errno is set.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ACOSH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ACOSH(5) equals 2.29243167
Examples 	ACOSH(0) equals NaN
Related Functions 	
COSH 

ACOT
The ACOT() function returns the inverse cotangent of a number.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ACOT(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ACOT(0) equals 1.57079633

ASIN
The ASIN() function returns the arc sine in radians and the value is mathematically defined to be -PI/2 to PI/2 (inclusive).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ASIN(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ASIN(0.8) equals 0.92729522
Examples 	ASIN(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
SIN 

ASINH
The ASINH() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic sine of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic sine is x.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ASINH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ASINH(0.8) equals 0.73266826
Examples 	ASINH(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
SINH 

ATAN
The ATAN() function returns the arc tangent in radians and the value is mathematically defined to be -PI/2 to PI/2 (inclusive).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ATAN(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ATAN(0.8) equals 0.67474094
Examples 	ATAN(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
TAN 
ATAN2 

ATAN2
This function calculates the arc tangent of the two variables x and y. It is similar to calculating the arc tangent of y/x, except that the signs of both arguments are used to determine the quadrant of the result.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ATAN2(value;value)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ATAN2(0.5;1.0) equals 1.107149
Examples 	ATAN2(-0.5;2.0) equals 1.815775
Related Functions 	
ATAN 

ATANH
The ATANH() function calculates the inverse hyperbolic tangent of x; that is the value whose hyperbolic tangent is x. If the absolute value of x is greater than 1.0, ATANH() returns not-a-number (NaN).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	ATANH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	ATANH(0.8) equals 1.09861229
Examples 	ATANH(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
TANH 

COS
The COS() function returns the cosine of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COS(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	COS(0) equals 1.0
Examples 	COS(PI()/2) equals 0
Related Functions 	
SIN 
ACOS 

COSH
The COSH() function returns the hyperbolic cosine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) + exp(-x)) / 2.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	COSH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	COSH(0.8) equals 1.33743495
Examples 	COSH(0) equals 1
Related Functions 	
ACOSH 

CSC
The CSC() function returns the cosecant of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CSC(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CSC(PI()/2) equals 1

CSCH
The CSCH() function returns the hyperbolic cosecant of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	CSCH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	CSCH(PI()/2) equals 0.434537208...

DEGREES
This function transforms a radian angle to a degree angle.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	DEGREES(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	DEGREES(0.78) equals 44.69
Examples 	DEGREES(1) equals 57.29
Related Functions 	
RADIANS 

PI
The PI() function returns the value of PI.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	PI()
Parameters 	
Examples 	PI() equals 3.141592654...

RADIANS
This function transforms a degree angle to a radian angle.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	RADIANS(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (degrees)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	RADIANS(75) equals 1.308
Examples 	RADIANS(90) equals 1.5707
Related Functions 	
DEGREES 

SEC
The SEC() function returns the secant of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SEC(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SEC(0) equals 1

SECH
The SECH() function returns the hyperbolic secant of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SECH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SECH(0) equals 1

SIN
The SIN() function returns the sine of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SIN(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SIN(0) equals 0
Examples 	SIN(PI()/2) equals 1
Related Functions 	
COS 
ASIN 

SINH
The SINH() function returns the hyperbolic sine of x, which is defined mathematically as (exp(x) - exp(-x)) / 2.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	SINH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	SINH(0.8) equals 0.88810598
Examples 	SINH(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
ASINH 

TAN
The TAN() function returns the tangent of x, where x is given in radians.
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TAN(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TAN(0.7) equals 0.84228838
Examples 	TAN(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
ATAN 

TANH
The TANH() function returns the hyperbolic tangent of x, which is defined mathematically as sinh(x)/cosh(x).
Return type
A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Syntax 	TANH(Float)
Parameters 	
Comment
Type
Angle (radians)	A floating point value (like 1.3, 0.343, 253 )
Examples 	TANH(0.8) equals 0.66403677
Examples 	TANH(0) equals 0
Related Functions 	
ATANH 